How do you grow potatoes (potatoes) that can produce tens of thousands of jin per mu? These main points should be known!

Potato, also known as potato, is a common staple food in our country, because of its high edible value, and only need to treat the potato at home when planting, so many places are planted, at present some areas can be planted ten thousand pounds per mu, how to plant it? Here is a brief introduction to the technology of under cover film planting.

1. What are the benefits of using mulch planting?

1, in urban suburbs, industrial and mining areas and convenient transportation and sales market places, the use of plastic film to cover potato planting, not only can make potatoes mature early market, increase efficiency, but also increase yield, improve the rate of large potatoes, generally can increase production by 20%~70%, large potato rate increased by about 25%.

2, potato film planting, more troublesome, suitable for less land labor, planting area is not too large places to implement.

2 How to plant the cover film?

1. Land selection and preparation:

The requirements for land selection for planting potato under film cover are: flat terrain, gentle slope within 5~10 degrees; deep soil layer, up to 50 cm or more; loose soil, preferably loam or light sandy loam, strong fertilizer and water retention performance; water source, convenient drainage and irrigation; land with medium fertility or above. Do not choose steep slopes, gravel, sand, barren land and waterlogged depression. The requirements for soil preparation of potato planting with film are relatively strict. On the basis of deep ploughing of 20~ 25cm and consistent depth, fine harrowing shall be carried out to make the soil reach the requirements of deep, loose, flat and clean. Specifically, it shall be smooth without ditch, broken soil without debris, clean without stones, no stubble, no sundries and good moisture content. If necessary, water can be added first, and then soil preparation.

2. Fertilization and pesticide application:

Mulched potatoes require too much topdressing during the growing season, so it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer before mulching. Fertilizers are mainly farm manure, and more than 4000 kg of farm manure should be applied per 667 square meters (1 mu). Then according to the requirements of formula fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are supplemented with chemical fertilizers. According to the current fertilizer application level of farmers, 15~ 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 8~ 10kg of urea, 20kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, 1.5~ 2kg of zinc silicate, or 30~ 40kg of three-element compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, or 50kg of special fertilizer for potato should be applied per mu. To control underground pests, carbofuran is applied at 1.5~2 kg/mu.

There are two fertilization methods: one is to spread farm manure, chemical fertilizer and pesticide evenly on the ground surface before making bed, and then rake into the soil to make fertilizer, medicine and soil fully mixed; the other is to spread farm manure and pesticide in the sowing ditch when making bed, chemical fertilizer is scattered into the fertilization ditch, and then covered in the soil when making bed.

3. Make a bed:

After finishing the ground, make a bed. The bottom of the bed is 80 cm wide, the upper width is 70~75 cm, the bed height is 10~15 cm, and the distance between the two beds is 40 cm. A bed plus a ditch is a belt, and a belt width is 1.2 meters. The specific operation adopts the bed method of "five plows and one rake", that is, the first plough opens the first ditch from 40 cm away from the ground, the ditch depth is about 15 cm, and the second ditch is opened at 40 cm away from the center of the first ditch. To spread fertilizer in advance, that is, farm manure and pesticides scattered into the bottom of the ditch, so that the ditch depth is maintained at about 12 cm. Sowing first and then mulching, first sowing buds into the ditch, plant spacing of 22~25 cm. Then, a third plow is opened at 35 cm on the other side of the first ditch, and a fourth plow is also opened on the other side of the second ditch, so that the two plows seal the soil to the first and second furrows. Finally, between the first and second plows (sowing furrows), a shallow plow (6 cm deep) is opened for the fifth furrow, which is specially used for chemical fertilizer, and sufficient chemical fertilizer is applied into the furrow to form bed blanks. After that, find fine with rake, level the first, second and fifth grooves, hug the bed surface, make the bed shoulder, make the bed surface flat, fine and clean, slightly separated in the middle, showing a flat ridge shape. Bed shoulders should be flat, height should be consistent, so as to spray herbicides and mulch. The first groove of the next bed is 80 cm away from the center of the second groove of the previous bed, and the second groove is still 40 cm away from the first groove. By analogy, a 1.2-meter-wide covered bed was formed. After the seedlings grow out, they become a large row spacing of 80 cm, small row spacing of 40 cm size ridge form.

4. Spraying herbicides:

Once the bed is ready, spray a herbicide that kills the sprouts of weeds. After testing, herbicides with better weed control effects include acetochlor, trifluralin, and durr. The general dosage is: 100~130 ml of acetochlor solution with 90% concentration, 130~200 ml of solution with 50% concentration, 100~150 ml of solution with 48% trifluralin and 120~130 ml of solution with 72% Dur per 667 square meters (1 mu). The above dosage is respectively sprayed on the bed and bed ditch for 30 - 40 liters of water. If only spraying bed, not spraying bed ditch, the dosage can be reduced by 1/4.

5. Film spreading and sowing:

The plastic film laid should be 90~100 cm wide, 0.005~0.008 mm thick ultra-thin film, 4~5 kg per 667 square meters (1 mu). When paving the film, the film should be tightened and adhered to the ground. The film at the head of the bed and the bed should be buried in the soil for about 10 cm, buried in the soil and pressed tightly. Cover film to master the "strict, tight, flat, wide" essentials, that is, the edge to be tight, the film to cover tightly, the film surface to be flat, see the light to be wide. In order to prevent the film from being exposed by the wind, a small earth ridge can be made every few meters on the bed surface. Cover the film first and then sow, can be in a few days after the film bed temperature rises to start sowing. When sowing, on the film bed, according to the line of 20 cm on both sides of the center line (i.e. small row of 40 cm), use a small seedling planting shovel or a special punching tool to break the film and dig holes. The holes should not be too big, the hole distance is 24~26 cm, the depth is 8 cm, and the depth should be consistent. Sown buds or small whole potatoes, to cover with wet soil tightly, and to be gently tapped, sealed film holes, so that holes do not expose the wind.