Winter wheat begins to be planted! Hand in hand to teach you how to select seeds (with disease control problems)

As the saying goes, "if you choose a good seed for farming, one ridge will top two." The first step in growing crops is to choose a good variety. Now that it is September, have you started to prepare for winter wheat? How to choose a good wheat variety? How to identify new varieties?

First, how to choose a good wheat variety?

How to prevent common diseases of wheat, such as root rot, stem rot and wheat scab. These problems need to be taken into account in seed selection, and in order to select good varieties, we need to follow two principles: first, to select varieties that adapt to the local climate, cultivation and other conditions; second, to select varieties that adapt to production development and market demand.

2. four aspects should be paid attention to in wheat variety and production.

1. Pay attention to the breed and character. The sowing date is determined according to the winter and spring characteristics of wheat varieties and stubble, the spike characteristics of tillers and grain weight determine the sowing amount, and the plant and leaf type determines the allocation of row-plant distance and sowing mode.

two。 Pay attention to the high yield of varieties and the characteristics of water and fertilizer utilization. The yield potential determines the input of fertilization, and attention should be paid to the selection of green wheat varieties which are "water-saving, fertilizer-saving, drug-saving, labor-saving and efficient, and suitable for light and simplified mechanical cultivation".

3. Focus on stress resistance. Resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, sheath blight and scab, cold and freezing resistance, drought and lodging resistance, high temperature and humidity resistance, dry and hot wind resistance determine the implementation of strain cultivation techniques in the critical period.

4. Do not blindly seek new, special, strange and different. New, special, strange and different varieties should be tested and demonstrated in a small area for many years before being popularized in a large area.

Third, how to identify new varieties?

Pay attention to the third look, first look at the biological characteristics of varieties; second, look at yield and quality; third, look at disease resistance and stress resistance. The varieties should be selected according to the stubble, and the right varieties should be selected according to the local natural ecology, climatic conditions and the occurrence types of diseases, insect pests and weeds.

4. Why is wheat seed treatment particularly important?

If it is not properly handled, you may encounter all kinds of disease problems.

1. Seed-borne disease

The fungal diseases transmitted by wheat seeds include common smut and scattered smut. These diseases can cause varying degrees of production loss and occasionally overall loss. In addition to the loss of production, these diseases also reduce the quality of food, and the value will also be affected because of the decline in food grade.

two。 Soil-borne disease

Wheat soil fungal diseases include common root rot, Pythium root rot, sheath blight, wilt and root, crown and end rot. These diseases are often ignored because the roots and crowns they affect are not as visible as foliar diseases, but they lead to fewer seedlings and thinner plants, and are vulnerable to yield losses as a result of attacks by other diseases and pests.

3. Insect pest

Wheat aphids, commonly known as oil insects, greasy insects and honey insects, are one of the main pests of wheat, which can prick and suck wheat and affect wheat photosynthesis and nutrient absorption and transmission. After heading, wheat is concentrated in the ear, forming shrunken grains, resulting in a decrease in 1000-grain weight, resulting in a reduction in yield.

Fifth, how to deal with the seeds of wheat before sowing?

First of all, it is necessary to see whether the seeds after a certain period of storage and processing, germination rate and moisture index meet the requirements, and should be further tested and identified; at the same time, attention should be paid to other preparatory work such as seed drying and seed selection before sowing to ensure seed quality.

Seed dressing is necessary for crops to improve the germination rate and seed growth after germination. the recommended wheat seed dressing agents are difenoconazole, chlorphenirazole, tebuconazole, silothiamide, diniconazole, thiram, triadimefon, mancozeb. In addition, pest control is also essential, the recommended insecticides are imidacloprid, thiazide, fipronil, methyl isophosphates and so on.

No matter it is the seed dressing agent or the anti-insect agent, we should choose the product pertinently. If the total erosion disease is serious, it is recommended to choose the agents containing thiothiazide, difenoconazole + trimethoprim; if the root rot is serious, difenoconazole can be selected; if it is for the prevention and control of wheat aphid, imidacloprid or thiazine can be selected.

In addition, the seed dressing period is generally 10-20 days before wheat sowing, and the suitable seed dressing agent is selected according to the incidence of land in previous years, which is mainly for the prevention of wheat soil-borne diseases, combined with the prevention of wheat underground pests and aphids (transmitted virus diseases).

Select good wheat varieties and learn seed treatment skills. I hope everyone can grow wheat with good quality.