How to grow Xiuzhen mushrooms? What are the planting prospects? (key points of cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus)

The flesh of Xiuzhen mushroom is fat and tender, delicious and nutritious. It is one of people's favorite macrofungi, which has the effect of lowering blood pressure, relaxing menstruation and activating collaterals. So how to grow Xiuzhen mushrooms? What are the planting prospects? What are the key points of cultivation techniques of Xiuzhen mushroom?

What are the prospects for the cultivation of Xiuzhen mushrooms?

Xiuzhen mushroom is a new fungus introduced by Taiwan Wei, which has extremely high nutritional value and is in short supply in the market. Each "Xiuzhen mushroom" greenhouse covers an area of about 2.5mu; on rows of supports in the greenhouse, dense bacterial bags are stacked into a spectacular "battle array"; each greenhouse holds 10-110000 bags. The "Xiuzhen mushroom" with only one leaf is extremely demanding to be picked when it grows to about 3 centimeters, requires a large number of "workers" to work in 24-hour shifts, and is immediately sent away by refrigerated cars, or for deep processing, or into large supermarkets.

Because of its unique nutritional value, Xiuzhen mushroom has long been a delicious and cheap high-grade dish on the dining table. Because of its unique function of disease resistance and health preservation, Xiuzhen mushroom has become a hot food in the food market. Xiuzhen mushrooms are of great economic value for 11 yuan a jin in the vegetable market. If you can carry out deep processing into a variety of semi-finished products, its economic benefits will double, a jin can be sold for about 20 fast money. If it can be planted in a large area, it will become another sharp tool for farmers to increase their income.

Second, what are the key points of cultivation techniques of Xiuzhen mushroom?

1. Cultivation season

Xiuzhen mushroom is a kind of edible fungus with medium and high temperature. according to the characteristics of producing mushroom at medium temperature and fruiting at variable temperature, the local temperature in the stage of bag inoculation is not more than 28 ℃ in cultivation season, and the local temperature is not lower than 12 ℃ in the stage of mushroom emergence. According to this characteristic, Xiuzhen mushroom production is best arranged in late spring and early summer, or in late summer and early autumn, and each place can be advanced or postponed appropriately according to its own climate and altitude.

two。 Preparation of culture medium

Formula one: sawdust 60%, cottonseed shell 15%, rice straw 15%, wheat bran 10%.

Formula 2: sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.

Formula 3: sawdust 59%, cottonseed shell 30%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%.

Formula 4: sawdust 30%, cottonseed hull 30%, rice straw 30%, wheat bran 10%.

Sawdust must be sifted first to remove wood blocks and wood chips to prevent puncturing plastic bags. The straw is cut into 3-4 cm long by a special machine and soaked in PH11 lime water for 48 hours. Remove it and rinse with water to make the PH rise to about 7, then drain the excess water. Cottonseed hulls and bran should be set aside after exposure to the sun for a day. Formula 4 has a lower C _ hand N and a higher requirement of asepsis during inoculation.

3. Bagging sterilization

The use of bag material sterilization can make physical changes in the structure of lignin and cellulose, which is beneficial to hyphae. Decomposition, absorption and utilization can shorten the tide conversion period.

The cultivation bag size is 17 cm × 33 cm or 18 cm × 35 cm plastic bag, the film thickness is 4-5 silk meters is better. Each bag contains 250-350 grams of dry material or 500-600 grams of wet weight. The mouth of the bag can be stuffed with plastic ring or fastened with yarn.

Sterilize in the stove in time after bagging. High pressure sterilization requires 0.103 MPA, steam temperature 121mpa, keep for 1.5-2 hours. After the atmospheric pressure sterilization temperature is 100℃, the new mushroom area is kept for 10h, and the old mushroom area is kept for 16h. After reaching the standard, the bag is unloaded to dissipate heat.

4. Germ management

The inoculated bag was transferred to the culture room for bacterial culture, and the temperature in the culture room was controlled at 24: 26 ℃ in the first 3 days to promote the strain germination and colonization. After entering the 4th day, the temperature in the bag increased with the acceleration of mycelium metabolism in the bag. At this time, the temperature in the culture room should be adjusted to 22-23 ℃.

The hyphal development stage does not need light exposure, the indoor air should be kept in circulation, and the indoor humidity should be controlled at 60-70% (60% Mur65%). Generally, the mycelium grows full of bags about 35 days (25-30 days) after inoculation.

After the mycelium grows in the bag, it can be put into the mushroom for about 7 days to reach physiological maturity, and then enter the mushroom management.

5. Mushroom production management

After the physiological maturity of the bacterial bag, move it into the mushroom shed on the shelf or overlap with the flat wall. Then unplug or unplug the rope and open the bag to let the oxygen into the bag.

At the same time, the film was covered during the day and uncovered at midnight, and the temperature difference stimulation of 8: 12 ℃ was artificially created. Units with cold storage facilities can move the bacterial bags into a 2-4 ℃ cold storage for 10-12 hours, and then move into the mushroom shed to stack bags to produce mushrooms.

At the stage of mushroom emergence, the mushroom shed should be given 300 Mel 500 lug light intensity to promote the formation of primordium differentiation fruiting body. The temperature in the growing mushroom stage is best controlled between 18 and 22 ℃.

If it is difficult to form the mushroom bud when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ in winter, it should be heated to accelerate the bud, and when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃ when the mushroom is cultivated in spring and early summer, shade should be covered above the mushroom shed, border irrigation and other measures should be taken to reduce the temperature. Control the amount of spraying water according to the growth rate of mushroom body and the sunny and cloudy weather. After picking mushrooms every day, you can spray atomized water into the space and the material surface of the bacterial bag once.

At the same time, the mushroom room should be ventilated, and the space relative humidity should be controlled between 85-95%. Prevent excessive wet hypoxia, causing the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and rotten mushrooms.