Large grain-producing counties become poor counties "want grain" or "money"?

At present, many large grain-producing counties are facing the dilemma of large grain contribution, small fiscal revenue and backward economy. To fundamentally solve this problem, we need to start from the compensation mechanism of the main grain producing areas. The goal of establishing a compensation mechanism for the interests of the main producing areas is to make the main producing areas not suffer losses in growing grain and to make the places that attach importance to agriculture and grain get benefits. At the same time, it is also necessary for large grain-producing counties to exert their subjective initiative, transform policy advantages into development dividends, and transform resource advantages into industrial advantages.

Recently, some research institutions said that among the 800 major grain-producing counties, which account for nearly three-quarters of the country's total grain output, there are more than 100 state-level poverty-stricken counties, with a poor population of 36 million. This shows that China's grain output and county-level financial resources "grain wealth upside down" phenomenon has been very obvious, and may bring hidden dangers to food security.

According to the regional distribution of grain in China, grain output and transfer volume have gradually concentrated in the main producing areas and large grain-producing counties. At present, the output of 13 major producing provinces accounts for 75% of the country's total, and the output of 33 major grain producing cities accounts for 43% of the country's total. However, as the main grain-producing areas of cities and counties, the overall fiscal revenue is relatively small, the income gap between farmers in the main producing areas and farmers in the main marketing areas is also widening, and some cities and counties even bear the supporting funds of central agricultural projects are very difficult. The supporting funds for agricultural projects in Beilin District, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province have accumulated to 140 million yuan in recent five years, and the local financial pressure is very high. At present, many large grain-producing counties are facing the dilemma of large grain contribution, small fiscal revenue and backward economy.

Food security must not be at the expense of the main producing areas. To ensure food production capacity, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments more greatly. In recent years, the central government has gradually taken measures to change this situation. In 2014, Document No.1 of the Central Committee proposed to reduce or cancel the supporting funds directly used for grain production and other construction projects in large grain-producing counties; at the same time, the state increased incentives and subsidies for major commodity grain-producing provinces and grain, oil and pig producing counties, encouraging major marketing areas to invest in the construction of grain production bases in major producing areas through various means; many places have also issued many policies and measures to support farmland water conservancy and other infrastructure in large grain-producing counties. These measures have played a positive role in supporting large grain-producing counties to become economically strong counties as soon as possible.

However, in order to solve this problem fundamentally, we still need to start from the compensation mechanism for the interests of the main grain producing areas. On the one hand, grain production has obvious positive externalities. Compared with other commodities, grain production occupies more water and soil resources, but its price is low. The state strictly controls the use of cultivated land, and the construction and development of other aspects of large grain-producing counties will be limited. On the other hand, the main grain producing areas and consumers benefit from it but do not pay the corresponding costs, while the main grain producing areas and farmers lose part of their development rights and interests due to grain production. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a compensation mechanism for the interests of the main grain producing areas, improve the economic and social development level of the main producing areas through the compensation mechanism, and enhance farmers 'enthusiasm for growing grain.

The establishment of interest compensation mechanism depends on the central government on the one hand and on the main sales area on the other hand. In recent years, the central government has increased transfer payments to major producing counties and strengthened agricultural infrastructure construction in major producing areas. However, there are still phenomena of slackening grain production, neglecting grain circulation, and relying excessively on the central government and the main production areas in many main marketing areas. In the future, we should seek breakthroughs in linking the interests of the main producing areas and the main selling areas. On the one hand, through improving the grain market price formation mechanism, appropriately raise the grain purchase price to compensate for the commodity grain transferred from the main producing areas. On the other hand, through production and marketing cooperation, the main marketing areas are encouraged to purchase, store or collect and store in the main producing areas, establish closer production and marketing relations, and let grain producers share the proceeds from processing and marketing. The goal of establishing a compensation mechanism for the interests of the main producing areas is to make the main producing areas not suffer losses in growing grain and to make the places that attach importance to agriculture and grain get benefits.

For the grain-producing counties themselves, solving the problem of "grain and wealth inversion" also requires them to exert their subjective initiative, transform policy advantages into development dividends, and transform resource advantages into industrial advantages. In practice, there are many large grain-producing counties, such as Nanchang County in Jiangxi Province and Changsha County in Hunan Province, which not only have grain increased, but also have become economically and financially strong counties. It can be seen that "grain and wealth upside down" is not absolute. How to give full play to the comparative advantages of grain cultivation, shoulder the responsibility of ensuring national food security, and gradually get rid of the dilemma of "poor grain cultivation and poor farmers"? This requires large grain-producing counties to base themselves on resource advantages, thoroughly understand policies, find out the market, rely on grain for development, and equate grain production with Fu County. In this way, more and more grain-producing counties will not be entangled in "grain" or "money".