What is the reason for the empty peanut shell? What are the measures to prevent peanut empty shell? (with solution)

Peanuts are the more food we eat in our lives. Generally, we buy ready-made peanuts on the market. Friends who do not come into contact with farm work seldom know the growth process of peanuts. Peanut has high nutritional value and can extract oil and produce peanut oil. So what is the reason for the empty peanut shell? What about the empty peanut shell? What are the measures to prevent peanut empty shell?

What is the reason for the empty peanut shell?

The main results are as follows: 1. The main reason for the variety difference is that the big peanut series are easy to produce empty shell problems, while the small peanut pearl series are rare.

The occurrence regions and soil characteristics are mainly in Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong and a small part of Henan and Hebei, and there are acidic or slightly acidic soils such as latosol and yellow brown soil, which contain generally low active calcium. For example, Wang Minglun of Qingdao Agricultural University found that the content of active calcium in the soil of empty-shell peanut land in Qixia area of Shandong was "trace".

Yield level at present, the yield level of large peanuts per mu has generally increased from less than 200 kg to more than 300 kg. The problem of empty shell, which rarely occurs in low yield level, is becoming more and more prominent under the condition of high yield.

The present situation of fertilization is the pursuit of yield, and more nitrogen fertilizer is applied in most peanut planting areas, which is not conducive to root nodule nitrogen fixation, and the aboveground stems and leaves are too luxuriant, and the distribution of organic fertilizer is very little. at present, most of the varieties of phosphate fertilizer have been changed from calcium superphosphate to diammonium phosphate and ternary high concentration compound fertilizer. This is very disadvantageous to the supplement of trace elements and nutritional balance in peanut field.

2. Calcium deficiency in pods can lead to empty shells of peanuts.

Peanuts are calcium-loving crops, requiring about 2.7 kilograms of calcium for every 100 kilograms of pods. In particular, pod development needs more calcium to enrich kernels in order to improve plumpness. However, peanut is also a crop with limited ability to absorb calcium, and the growth of aboveground stems and leaves in the early stage is absorbed by unembolized young root tips. Because the transport of calcium in the phloem is very weak, it is impossible to make use of the calcium absorbed by the root system, but mainly depends on the fruit needle and young fruit to absorb the calcium in the soil.

Many studies at home and abroad have found that in the pod-setting stage after needle ligation, even if the subsoil where the root is located is not short of calcium, the calcium absorbed by the root is difficult to be transported to the pod. When peanut pods are formed, more than 90% of the calcium is absorbed directly from the surrounding soil by fruit needles and young fruits. This means that in the more than 70 days from the needle burying to the fullness of the kernel, as long as there is a serious lack of calcium or insufficient supply of calcium in the soil layer bearing pods, it will directly affect the formation of pods, and the rate of kernel production in light cases will decline, resulting in a reduction in yield. it will seriously lead to the problem of empty shell of peanut and no harvest. As farmers have called many times, although the upper stems and leaves of peanuts are still luxuriant, the pods harvested are often not full or even empty.

Many years ago, the acid soil in southern China could reduce the empty shell rate of peanut by applying lime to neutralize acidity and supplement calcitonin. In the early 1990s, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences applied gypsum to peanuts on calcareous alluvial soil in the flooded area of the Yellow River, and the yield was also increased obviously. generally, per kilogram of gypsum could increase the yield of peanut pods by 1.6 kg. In the early years, foreign studies reported that gypsum is a commonly used calcium fertilizer for peanuts in the United States, and direct application at flowering stage can prevent the problem of empty shell.

It is also reported that the calcium absorption intensity and ability of different parts of pods are different: 15.5% of fruit needles, 59.5% of young fruit pericarp, 7.5% of young fruit kernels, 1.5% of primary nuts, showing that the calcium absorption intensity of nuts is the lowest. Moreover, their calcium absorption capacity gradually decreased with the process of pod development. As a result, the problem of calcium deficiency is more likely to occur in the later stage of podding, making peanut empty fruit, blighted fruit and so on.

Second, what about the empty peanut shell?

1. The application of Ca fertilizer and calcium superphosphate should be mixed with high quality ring manure for 15-20 days, and then applied to the soil.

2. Deep application of potassium fertilizer and K fertilizer below the fruit layer will prevent and control the excessive content of K in the fruit layer, affecting the absorption of calcium and increasing fruit rot.

3. Calcium nitrate or calcium chloride can be applied to cultivated land to supplement calcium fertilizer.

4. Increase the application of chemical fertilizer to reduce the loss of calcium fertilizer and increase the activity of calcium fertilizer in soil acidic environment.

What are the measures to prevent empty peanut shells?

1. Increase the application of organic fertilizer. Due to the comprehensive nutrition of organic fertilizer, 3000-4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer is generally applied per mu as base fertilizer. A large amount of base fertilizer can be applied to the whole plough layer, while a small amount can be used as seed fertilizer.

two。 Application of calcium superphosphate. Because calcium superphosphate not only contains phosphorus, but also contains a lot of gypsum, gypsum is also called calcium sulfate, which can increase calcium fertilizer for the soil. Generally, 30-40 kg calcium superphosphate per mu is applied as base fertilizer.

3. Spray boron fertilizer. Boron is a necessary nutrient element for the normal development of plant floral organs and reproductive organs. Sandy soil and soil with serious boron deficiency can apply 1 kg of borax per mu as base fertilizer or seed fertilizer. In general, the soil can be fertilized with 0.2% Mel 0.3% borax solution for 2 or 3 times in the early flowering stage.

Spray molybdenum fertilizer. Molybdenum fertilizer can promote peanut root nodule development, dark green leaves, strong growth and full fruit. In the early flowering stage or needle knot stage, 0.3% Mu 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution was used for extra-root topdressing.

Apply potash fertilizer deeply. Potash fertilizer should be applied deeply below the fruit layer to prevent the fruit layer from containing too much potassium, affect the absorption of calcium and increase rotten fruit.

4. If the peanut seedlings grow weakly and the leaves are light, 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be increased, once every 7-10 days, continuously sprayed 2-3 times, which can reduce the empty shell rate of peanut, increase the seed setting rate, and generally increase the yield by more than 10%.