What is South American chrysanthemum? What are the effects and effects? How to plant it?

South American chamomile, evergreen herb, blossoms throughout the year, the round lotus grows rapidly, the reproductive ability is super, and there are few diseases and insect pests. So what is the "invasive species" South American chamomile? What are the effects and effects? How to plant it?

What is the South American chrysanthemum

South American chrysanthemum was first introduced to Hong Kong, China in the 1870s to replace this traditional Chinese medicine. In southern China, it is often used as a ground cover plant. However, due to the strong diffusivity of South American chrysanthemum, it often overgrows into dense ground, crowding out and preventing the regeneration of other plants from disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. It is widely distributed in southern China and threatens local species diversity, including Hainan Island. Usually, by virtue of its rapid growth ability, South American chrysanthemum often shows excessive coverage of local vegetation in open areas after human interference, such as along highways, farmland, pastures, wasteland and so on. South American chamomile dominates the local vegetation, especially the herb layer. Once it is colonized locally, it will inhibit the growth and renewal of other plants. Therefore, it has become a harmful weed in China and is listed as one of the "100 most harmful alien invasive species in the world".

Second, the main value of South American chrysanthemum-landscaping

South American chrysanthemum has green leaves and yellowish flowers almost all the year round in the south. It is very popular because of its extensive nature, few diseases and insect pests, rapid growth, early tolerance, hemorrhoid tolerance and easy reproduction. It is widely used in landscaping, often as ground cover plants, decorating wall corners, enriching plant landscape, and doing slope protection plants, which are excellent flowering ground cover plants and slope protection plants.

The experimental results show that the use of South American chamomile has a good effect on vegetation restoration in steep walls, river beaches, abandoned farmland, mines, garbage dumps and so on. Due to the dense Portuguese community, the roots and many adventitious roots are complex, forming a network of consolidated soil, which has significant ecological benefits in soil and water conservation. South American toad chrysanthemum also has a certain tolerance to municipal landfill leachate and has a good ability to purify and repair the soil contaminated by leachate, so it can be used as a landfill vegetation reconstruction material.

III. Pharmacological effects of South American chrysanthemum.

According to the study on the composition of chamomile, it is found that it mainly contains triacontanic acid, stigmasterol glucoside and other components, and its main pharmacological effects are anticancer and bacteriostatic activity. it can inhibit the activity of diphtheria, Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus B.

In addition to the good ornamental value, the medicinal value of chamomile is also quite a lot, and there are many records of it in medical works. The following editor introduces to you some of the more common application options:

1. Treatment of diphtheria: two taels of fresh chrysanthemum, two cents of licorice, five cents of Tongcao. Pan-fry with water, one to four doses a day. In addition, mash the strangled juice with fresh chrysanthemum, add vinegar equivalent to 1/4 of the medicine, and apply the false film with a cotton swab dipped in the solution, two to three times a day. (Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine)

two。 Prevention of diphtheria: mash the strangled juice of fresh chrysanthemum, add vinegar equivalent to 1/4 of the solution, swallow or gargle, once or twice a day for three days. (Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine)

3. To treat dysentery: chrysanthemum chrysanthemum 30g, goose palm Venus 15 g, Jinxiang 15 g. Pan-fried suit.

4. Treatment of pneumonia: Patrinia, hot charcoal mother grass 60g each, chamomile, magnolia bed 30g each. Pan-fried suit.

5. Matters needing attention

(1) although chamomile can be used medicinally, although it is not toxic, it should be used under the guidance of an experienced physician.

(2) the chrysanthemum chrysanthemum is cool, so people with physical deficiency and cold should be used with caution.

4. Cultivation techniques of Chrysanthemum morifolium

1. Cultivation of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Coal Mine wasteland

Under natural conditions, South American chrysanthemum has the potential of vegetative reproduction during the whole growing period. cutting experiments show that as long as there is a nodal stem segment, it has the potential to develop into a complete plant under suitable conditions, which reflects the growth law of South American chamomile. After the stolon grows to a certain length, adventitious roots grow on its stem nodes and new young branches sprout in this way. South American chrysanthemum population can propagate and spread in a short time and occupy new space continuously, which is helpful to speed up the process of vegetation restoration.

South American chrysanthemum has strong morphological plasticity and high adaptability to genetic divergence. South American chrysanthemum has a wide ecological tolerance or plasticity and has a plastic response to variable conditions. In the barren coal gangue soil habitat, the plant is short, the distance between internodes is short, can normally complete the vegetative and reproductive growth, flowering and fruiting more. South American chrysanthemum can adapt to the growth of barren coal gangue soil environment, showing strong tolerance and wide adaptability.

South American chrysanthemum morifolium can grow well under semi-shade and all-day conditions, can tolerate drought and moisture, grow rapidly, and its niche is very wide. The plant is tolerant to barren, especially like the environment with good water and fertilizer conditions. In addition, the investigation on the distribution and main communities of Chrysanthemum morifolium showed that the population had the largest niche breadth in terms of slope, soil thickness, soil water content, soil pH value, light intensity and other ecological factors, indicating that it did not require high environmental conditions and could be widely adapted to various habitats. Through the comparison of planting experiments, there was no significant difference in biomass between the two groups. Therefore, South American chrysanthemum morifolium is the preferred plant for vegetation reconstruction in coal mine wasteland.

South American chrysanthemum grows rapidly. The experimental results show that as long as water and soil conditions are suitable, South American chrysanthemum can grow and propagate rapidly in fertile loam and barren coal gangue soil. In the season of high temperature and humidity, the plant grows faster, and the short-term rainfall is beneficial to the plant growth.

To sum up, South American chrysanthemum can grow normally in coal gangue, the plant is low, flowering more, and the growth rate is slower. After a period of growth and reproduction, it can form a community, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration. It can be applied to the vegetation restoration of coal mine wasteland.

two。 Cultivation of South American Chrysanthemum morifolium in rare Earth Mine wasteland

Factors affecting the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium under laboratory conditions

(1) humidity: South American chrysanthemum likes a slightly humid climate, requiring the relative temperature of the air in the growing environment to be 50%-70%. You can increase the humidity by spraying the cuttings, once or three times a day.

(2) temperature: the optimum temperature for rooting of South American chamomile cuttings is 18: 25 ℃, which is lower than 18 ℃, and it is difficult and slow for cuttings to root. When the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the cuttings are easy to be infected by bacteria and rot, and the higher the temperature is, the greater the proportion of rotting is.

(3) Light: cutting propagation is inseparable from sunlight, but the stronger the light is, the higher the temperature in the cutting branch is, the more exuberant the transpiration is, and the more water is consumed, which is not conducive to the survival of the cutting branch.

Factors affecting the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium under Field cultivation conditions

In addition to the above factors, water is the main limiting factor for the growth of South American chrysanthemum in the field. South American chamomile is a kind of shade-loving plant, which can grow rapidly with adequate watering in the early stage of planting.

3. Management of South American Chrysanthemum morifolium after Field cultivation

The volatiles of Chrysanthemum morifolium from South America can have allelopathic effects on other neighboring plants, which may be due to the decrease of chlorophyll content in the recipient plants, resulting in a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate. The plant self-protection mechanism is also relatively reduced, resulting in the reduction of root length, seedling height and fresh weight of the recipient plant, and the plant becomes shorter. Therefore, after the cuttage in the abandoned rare earth mining area, the corresponding management should be carried out to prevent the South American chrysanthemum from growing, if it can be cultivated with red thistle. Yinsheng red thistle has a good remediation effect on the pollution of Cd, Zn and Mn in tailings soil. It has strong adaptability, fast growth and large overall biomass, so it can also be selected as a remediation plant for soil in mining area.

4. Diseases and insect pests

South American chrysanthemum has fewer insect pests and is sometimes harmed by red spiders, aphids, ground tigers and other pests. It can be controlled with 200 times omethoate or 40% ethamidophos emulsion. There are two common diseases: powdery mildew and leaf spot. Due to overgrowth, it is easy to produce rotten leaves at the bottom of its rhizome, resulting in poor ventilation, high humidity and susceptibility to powdery mildew. Its plant leaves, twigs and other susceptible initial stage are white powder mottled, or covered with white powder layer. Leaf spot disease is caused by mildew in pears. The disease of South American chrysanthemum should be mainly prevented. Attention should be paid to the use of lawnmowers or manual regular pruning to eliminate rotten branches, which is generally trimmed every 10-15 days in the summer peak season. In a high-temperature and humid environment, when this symptom occurs, apply a certain amount of carbendazim, 50% wettable powder 1000-1500 times, spray once in 7-10 days, spray 2-5 times in a row, spray after rain.