How to control grape aphids and green bug bugs? What are the methods of preservation and storage? When will the base fertilizer be applied?

Grape is currently one of the more sold fruits, now is the season to eat grapes, there are all kinds of grape varieties on the market. For farmers, good-tasting grapes will bring greater benefits, so in planting, how to control grape aphids and green bug bugs? How to keep grapes fresh and stored? When will the grape base fertilizer be applied?

How to control grape aphids and green bug bugs?

Aphids and green bug bugs are both prick-sucking pests with the same drug use and slightly different control methods. Aphid control needs to be sprayed evenly. On the other hand, the green bug bug control needs to be sprayed on the outside of the orchard first, and then inside the orchard. The reason is that the green bug bug has a strong migration, if it is applied from the garden, it will fly outside the garden, so it will first spray the periphery of the orchard to seal its way out, so as to encircle the whole garden and annihilate it.

Second, how to keep the grapes fresh and store?

Modern storage is often used in controlled atmosphere and cold storage, and the equipment is more complex. at present, simple storage methods are mainly used in rural areas, such as cellar storage, tank storage, sulfur dioxide fumigation storage and miniature cold storage.

1. The experience of hoarding the harmful storage of grapes in northern China, generally build a cellar on the hillside or source bank, set up a wooden frame 4-6 layers in the cellar, and gently place a layer of grape ears on each layer. The specific methods of cellar management are as follows:

① grape was pre-cooled in a cool place for 2 days after harvest, and the pre-cooling temperature must be controlled below 10 ℃ to fully distribute the heat in the field. Then carefully put the grapes on the rack in the cellar.

② controls the temperature and humidity in the cellar. In the initial stage of the general cellar, due to the high external temperature, ventilation measures can be adopted to keep the temperature below 10 ℃. When the air temperature drops after winter, the method of closing day and night can be adopted to keep the temperature in the cellar at 0-1 ℃. The relative humidity should be 80%, 90%, and the ground can be moisturized by spraying water when the humidity is insufficient. When the external temperature drops below 10 ℃, attention should be paid to sealing the pit door.

③ should strengthen the examination to get rid of diseased ears and rotten grains in time.

2. The storage method can be used when storing a small number of grapes or courtyard grapes, and household urns or self-storage are commonly used in North China. Wash the vat before storage, dry it, and then load it into the grape ear. The methods of loading ears are as follows:

In the ① direct loading method, the grapes are placed gently in the vat, layer by layer, and loaded to the 2CP3 of the cylinder, and the upper layer is covered with a layer of disease-free and injury-free cabbage leaves. At the beginning of storage, the vats were checked every 10-15 days. Pay attention to ventilation (Ascaris cover) when the temperature is high, cover the cylinder mouth well when the temperature drops to-5 ℃, pay attention to heat preservation, and keep the conjecture in the cylinder at 1-2 ℃. Some local people sprinkle some dried powder of chili branches and leaves at the bottom of the cylinder, which also has a clear sterilization and fresh-keeping effect.

After the cylinder is washed and dried by ② in-cylinder loading method, the "well" shaped wooden frame of different sizes is made according to the false slope of the cylinder wall, the bottom is 10 cm away from the bottom of the cylinder, one layer of grapes is placed on each lattice, and 5-6 layers can be placed in each cylinder, and then the cylinder mouth is sealed with a newspaper and generally does not turn over the cylinder. This method can generally store grapes before and after the Spring Festival.

When will the grape base fertilizer be applied?

The use time of base fertilizer varies in different regions, general greenhouse grapes and early-maturing varieties had better be applied before and after the Autumn Equinox; late-maturing varieties should be fertilized immediately after harvest.

Application too early: the aboveground part of the grape is still growing, and the root system is damaged by deep digging in the process of using base fertilizer, which will cause excessive transpiration of leaves and cause leaves to dry up.

Application is too late: the soil temperature decreases, the root activity tends to stop, the leaf function stops, the fertilizer use efficiency will be greatly reduced, the fertilizer efficiency will play a slow role, and has little effect on the flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth of fruit trees in spring. If it is late to spring, it can not meet the energy needed for grape sprouting in spring, but begins to play a fertilizer effect in summer, which is easy to cause vigorous growth of grapes, unstable fruit setting, large and small grains, and so on.