When will wheat be planted in all parts of the country? What kind of varieties are of high yield? How do you plant it?

At present, it has entered the selection and purchase of wheat varieties. At present, wheat seeds have begun to shout loudly in the village. Every potter praises his pot boasts that farmers should correctly choose wheat varieties, when to plant wheat this year, and when to sow wheat in various places. What are the points for attention in wheat sowing? Let's learn about it together:

I. 2018 wheat sowing schedule across the country

Sowing time of wheat in Henan

The suitable sowing date in the north and west of Henan is from October 4 to 13.

It is suitable for sowing at the beginning of October in some hilly and mountainous areas.

The suitable sowing date in central and eastern Henan is from October 7 to 15.

The suitable sowing date in southwestern Henan is from October 15 to 23.

The suitable sowing date in the south of Henan Province is from October 17 to 26.

Sowing time of wheat in Hebei Province

October 1-October 8 in Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Langfang and Baoding

South of Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Cangzhou October 5-October 13

Hengshui, Xingtai and Handan from October 8 to October 18. Most of them are a little late all year round (3-5 days later).

Sowing time of wheat in Shandong Province

The suitable sowing time of wheat in eastern Shandong (Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao, Weifang) is generally from October 1 to October 10, and the best sowing date is from October 3 to October 8.

The suitable sowing date for wheat in central Shandong (Jinan, Zibo, Binzhou, Laiwu, Taian) is generally from October 1 to October 10, and the best sowing date is from October 3 to October 8.

The suitable sowing time of wheat in northern Shandong (Liaocheng and Dezhou) is generally from October 1 to October 10, and the best sowing time is from October 3 to October 8.

The suitable sowing time in Luxi area of Shandong Province (part of Liaocheng, part of Heze, Jining) is from October 3 to October 12, and the best sowing date is from October 5 to October 10.

Shandong Lunan area (most of Taian, Jinan, Laiwu, Zibo, Liaocheng, Rizhao) is from October 5 to 15, and the best broadcast time is from October 7 to 12.

The southwest of Shandong Province (Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, Liaocheng South, Taian Southwest and Fei County and Pingyi County of Linyi) is from October 5 to 15, and the best sowing time is from October 7 to 12.

Sowing time of wheat in North China and other areas

The winter wheat area in North China is the main winter wheat area in China, accounting for 47% of the sown area and 53% of the total output in China.

Winter wheat can survive the winter safely in general years, and the accumulated temperature is more than 0 ℃ and 4100 ℃. It can be used for the double cropping of wheat and early and middle ripening corn.

Water is the limiting factor that determines the sown area. There are many kinds of irrigated land in the north of the Yellow River. Huang-Huai Plain is a suitable area for dryland wheat and has great potential for production.

In the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the planting area accounts for 12.3%, and the total output accounts for 45%. From March to May, the light, temperature and water are in harmony in the Jianghuai Plain. The area with precipitation greater than 450mm from March to May is not suitable for wheat planting. The commodity rate of wheat in this area is higher.

In the northeast spring wheat region, the temperature in Heilongjiang and Jilin is low, and the spring wheat is suitable. Northwest spring and winter wheat area, irrigation area and loess plateau region. Except for southern Xinjiang, it is mainly spring wheat and winter wheat in southern Xinjiang, with good adaptation, high productivity and excellent quality.

Southwest wheat region, Sichuan Basin, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Sichuan is warm in winter and suitable for warm water, but there is little light and serious diseases and pests. The strong light on the plateau and the low temperature in the mature stage of irrigation are beneficial to high yield.

In the winter and spring wheat region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the combination of light, temperature and water is beneficial to the growth and heading-ripening period of wheat as long as 50-80 days. There is not enough rain, and wheat is planted on irrigated land.

There are so many wheat varieties, if you choose wheat varieties with high and stable yield?

Selection according to the necessary characters for high and stable yield of wheat

1. Cold resistance

There are three different types of wheat varieties: spring, semi-winter and winter. wheat varieties should have a certain degree of cold resistance, but not the more cold-resistant the better, as long as the local autumn sowing can survive the winter safely.

two。 Disease resistance

The main hazards to wheat production are three rust, powdery mildew, total erosion disease and so on, so when buying seeds, we should carefully read the introduction of disease resistance of varieties.

3. Early maturity

Early maturity or proper maturity is an important condition for high and stable yield of wheat. Early-maturing varieties can avoid or reduce some natural disasters, such as hot and dry wind and high temperature diseases during grain filling and maturity.

4. Lodging resistance

As the saying goes, "wheat lodging grass", only by selecting varieties with strong lodging resistance can we further increase the yield and achieve high and stable yield.

Generally, in field production, the plant height is 70mur85 cm, and the lodging resistance of varieties is also divided into high resistance, medium resistance, relatively resistance and other types, which should be selected according to their own soil fertility level.

According to the principle of wheat variety selection

Central and northern wheat region

It includes Zhengzhou, Luohe, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luoyang and irrigated land north of the Yellow River. In this region, the production conditions are better, the irrigation area is larger, and the yield level is relatively high.

When varieties are used, semi-winter mid-maturing or early-mid-maturing varieties should be selected as far as possible, and late stubble should be matched with weak spring varieties.

Eastern wheat region

Including Shangqiu, Zhoukou, Kaifeng and other cities, the production level in this area is higher, but the probability of cold in late spring is higher.

Varieties are mainly semi-winter varieties with stable development in spring, strong resistance to cold in late spring, good resistance to lodging, strong resistance to powdery mildew, rust and scab, and reasonable collocation of weak spring varieties.

Wheat area of Nanyang Basin

The reasonable combination of semi-winter precocious varieties and weak spring varieties should be considered in the variety layout in this area, and the varieties resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew, sheath blight and scab, panicle sprouting and lodging should be selected.

Xinyang rice stubble wheat area

It includes the rice stubble wheat planting areas in Xinyang City and the south of Nanyang and Zhumadian City, where the precipitation is large and the field humidity is high. Varieties should be arranged mainly with moisture tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, panicle sprouting resistance, disease resistance (scab, sheath blight, powdery mildew) and early mature spring or weak spring varieties, so as to give full play to the advantages of early-maturing varieties to avoid diseases and disasters.

Dry wheat area

Including Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan, Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou and other mid-western shallow mountain and hilly areas, the irrigation capacity is poor, wheat growth depends on natural precipitation, suitable for planting drought-tolerant varieties.

II. Matters needing attention in wheat sowing

1. Fine land preparation

Soil preparation and sowing should be deep, fine, transparent, flat, solid and sufficient.

"Deep": that is, ploughing more than 25 centimeters to break the bottom of the plough.

"thin": that is, rake the ground at the right time, rake and crush the light and dark.

"flat": that is, the cultivated land is rough and flat before ploughing and leveled after ploughing.

"solid": that is, the upper and lower parts are loose and solid, there is no leakage of ploughing and raking, and there are no empty and dark ridges.

"foot": that is, sufficient soil moisture, clay soil plough layer soil water content should be more than 20%, loam more than 18%, sandy soil more than 16%, accounting for about 70% of the field capacity, 80%, to ensure that one sow the whole seedling.

2. Sowing in the right amount

Variety difference

The sowing rate of varieties with strong tillering ability decreased appropriately, while that of varieties with weak tillering ability increased appropriately.

Sowing period

The amount of early sowing decreased and that of late sowing increased.

Soil fertility level

The soil fertility level is high, the high fertility field has many tillers, the panicle rate is high, the sowing rate should be appropriately reduced, and the low fertility field should be increased appropriately, but it should not be too large, lest the basic seedlings are too large, resulting in weak seedlings.

Suitable sowing rate

During the suitable sowing period, the suitable sowing amount of dry land is 7.5-10 kg per mu, and that of paddy land is 12.5-15 kg per mu and 15-17.5 kg per mu.

If the suitable sowing period is advanced or postponed by 1 day, the sowing amount per mu will be reduced or increased by 0.5 kg.

3. Moderate deep ploughing

Strictly control the sowing depth 3~4cm. If the sowing is too shallow, the seeds will dry due to the loss of soil moisture in the process of germination and emergence, resulting in the problem of lack of seedlings and broken ridges. at the same time, the shallow tiller nodes are too close to the ground, and the anti-freezing ability is weak, which is not conducive to safe overwintering.

Sowing too deep makes the stem in the wheat field elongate too long, so that the first and second internodes of the tillering node are not elongated under normal conditions, too much nutrients in the seeds are consumed in the process of seedling emergence, and the growth of wheat seedlings is weak and few tillers. It is difficult to form a population of suitable size before winter, and the accumulation of nutrients in the plant is less, the ability of freezing resistance is weak, and a large number of seedlings are easy to die in winter and early spring.