What is the difficulty of farmers'"loan difficulty"? How to solve?

Since April last year, the central bank has cut reserve requirements for many times in the areas of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, releasing liquidity of up to one trillion yuan, which will play an important role in promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China. However, despite farmers' strong demand for loans, the normal credit approval rate of rural households is only 27.6%, far lower than the national average of 40.5%. The grim reality of farmers'"difficulty in loan" has always perplexed the current rural economic and social development. So, what is the difficulty of farmers'"loan difficulty"? What do you think of the bank? How to crack it? In this regard, our reporter conducted an in-depth interview.

What is the difficulty of "loan difficulty"?

-- High loan threshold, cumbersome procedures, insufficient collateral value, small loan scale and short repayment cycle

Sun Village, Wandi Town, Daming County, Handan City, Hebei Province is a typical small village in southern Hebei Province. There are more than 80 families and 400 people in the village. Sun Zhenshan, a 58-year-old village secretary, is full of spirit and has a loud voice. "it's too difficult for farmers to get loans now, not to mention that they can't get loans, even if they run through the procedures, they can make people dizzy," he said of farmers' loans. " Sun Zhenshan said that if something really happened, the villagers would borrow some money from relatives and friends and would not borrow money from the bank.

Wang Hongliang, 40, a native of Yangqiao Town, Daming County, used to engage in wholesale vegetable sales. The year before last, he used his savings of more than ten years to transfer more than 300 mu of land to the south of Dianbei Village in Wangcun Township of the county and set up a family farm. When talking about his thoughts in the future, he said sadly, "I originally wanted to use a loan to make the rest of the contracted land into a greenhouse, but the bank did not lend it, saying that my collateral would not work." Didn't the state say that the land contract can be mortgaged, but not in the county? Because of the lack of funds, I am not only unable to expand the scale, but also dare not have the idea of rebuilding the standard shed. " Wang Hongliang said.

"the threshold for farmers' loans is too high and there are many procedures, which simply cannot effectively drive farmers to start their own businesses." Liu Jun, deputy secretary of the party branch of Xiadianzi Village, Guang Daojiang Town, Hunjiang District, Baishan City, Jilin Province, said. When interviewing Cheng Lifeng, a villager of Jianan Village, Jianan Township, Wutai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, the reporter said: "now it costs 30,000 yuan to build a greenhouse in the countryside. Sometimes banks give microcredit, that is, 30,000 to 50,000, and they have to start paying it back in three months, so the loan can't solve any problem, not to mention the high threshold and complicated procedures. "

"at present, our city has special agriculture-related loans, which are interest-free and begin to be repaid six months later, but agricultural projects often have large investment, slow returns and high risks, and 50,000 yuan is still on the low side. Some time ago, I planned to invest in facility agriculture, but in the end, I gave up because I could not get a loan and the capital investment was not good. " A farmer in Dagushan Town, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, told the reporter.

Why are agriculture-related loans so difficult? Not long ago, Wang Dongjing, vice president of the Central Party School, wrote an article: "the fundamental reason for the difficulty of farmers' loans is the lack of collateral and the lack of mortgage value." Zhang Jiaping, a postdoctoral fellow at Dalian Institute of Senior managers in China and a doctor of economics, said: "the difficulty of farmers' loans is that the risk is too high, not only from the natural risks in agricultural production, but also from the market risks in agricultural services, agricultural products processing and circulation. These uncertainties are risks that are difficult for farmers and financial institutions to control. In addition, the lack of disposable mortgage collateral for farmers is another obstacle to their access to credit lines for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. "

Banks have sufficient funds, why are they "reluctant to lend"? -- mainly prevent the emergence of non-performing loans

"combined with China's financial policy, after the central bank cut reserve requirements and interest rates, funds are now abundant, and the state has policies on agriculture-related loans. But our main customers are leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization. After all, large enterprises have relatively good credit and generally do not have non-performing loans. " A credit manager in Xinjiekou Branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Beijing Branch told reporters.

The reporter immediately visited some city firms in Beijing, such as the Bank of Beijing, Jiangsu Bank, contractor Bank, and Jinzhou Bank. The response was similar to that of ICBC. "as far as we are concerned, we must give priority to risk prevention and control to prevent excessive non-performing loans, and rural areas are not our main business," an executive of Jiangsu Bank told reporters. Similar to city commercial banks, the business of foreign banks is far away from agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and the scale of agriculture-related business is not very large, so there are not many agriculture-related loans. This was confirmed by the Bank of East Asia.

According to the reporter's survey, the more active financial institutions in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are rural credit cooperatives, rural postal savings banks, rural commercial banks and rural cooperative banks. To this end, the reporter interviewed Cui Weiwei, director of the business department of the Postal savings Bank of Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. He said: "in the first half of 2015, we issued a total of 303 loans, totaling 52.884 million yuan, a net increase of 5.926 million yuan. Among them, 206 microloans were issued, totaling 26.97 million yuan. Compared with the past, the amount of loans has increased. "

According to the above, Luanping County, Chengde has been actively lending, and there is no so-called "loan reluctance", then what is the situation in other areas? In this regard, the reporter once again visited an industry insiders who are familiar with the situation of the banks in Daming County, and made a detailed understanding. He said: "the banks are not short of money now, and they have been setting targets and issuing loans. However, if the loans go on, farmers will have a high risk of default, and many people will not pay them back, that is, it is difficult to collect bad debts by using land mortgages, thus forming bad debts. To prevent the emergence of non-performing loans, some procedures need to be relatively complex. "

So, what is the current risk of non-performing loans in the banking industry? Song Xianping, risk director of the Agricultural Bank of China, said at the results conference: "judging from the economic performance, the growth of non-performing loans of commercial banks has entered the second half." Due to lagging factors, overall non-performing loans are expected to peak in the first half of next year. "

How to solve the "loan difficulty"

-- increase the main body of the loan, simplify the loan procedure and build a mortgage guarantee system.

One of the important reasons for the difficulty of farmers' loans is that there are few financial entities providing agriculture-related loans, and when banks are in the seller's market, they will not have the initiative to lend. However, this is related to the stage of the development of China's financial industry. " Dr. Xu Hongwei, Institute of Economic and Social Development, Northeast University of Finance and Economics, told reporters.

At the Shanghai Lujiazui Financial Forum not long ago, Zhou Mubing, vice chairman of the CBRC, said: continue to vigorously develop inclusive finance, increase support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and promote the normalization of private banks and rural banks. We will support and encourage private capital to invest in small and medium-sized financial institutions in rural areas, and constantly improve multi-level, wide coverage and differentiated financial institutions. Fan Yifei, deputy governor of the people's Bank of China, also said: continuously increasing the construction of financial infrastructure is of great significance to expanding the coverage of financial services and strengthening financial support to agriculture, rural areas, farmers and underdeveloped areas.

The monetary authorities should not only consider the potential control effect of the formulation and implementation of credit policy on the default risk of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, but also actively promote the construction of mortgage guarantee system in the vast rural areas. " Dr. Zhang Jiaping said: solving the "loan difficulty" cannot be considered from the bank alone, and all localities should implement different policies on agriculture-related loans according to different circumstances to increase the value of collateral for agriculture-related loans.

At the practical level, the difficulty of loan is not without a solution. Hou Yali, branch secretary of Yidaohe Village, Mofang Township, Dai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, suggested: "College student village officials are an important main body in the countryside at present, and can we try out small and medium-sized loans with the financial salary of village officials as a guarantee?" Wang Jiangfeng, branch secretary of Chuankou Village, Huayuantun Township, Datong City, suggested: "simplify procedures, actively set up credit, create credit villages, and increase the scale of loans."