What are the prevention and control measures of "three insects and one disease" of autumn mushrooms? Can you eat wild mushrooms after autumn?

With the advent of autumn, many vegetables and plants have entered the stage of harvest or sowing, and there are also many unique fruits and vegetables in autumn on the market. There are many kinds of mushrooms, and autumn mushroom is one of them. So what are the prevention and control measures of autumn mushroom "three insects and one disease"? Can you eat wild mushrooms after autumn?

1. Prevention and control measures of "three insects and one disease" of autumn mushroom

The "three insects and one disease" harmful to autumn mushrooms are mites, jumpers, mushroom mosquitoes and harmful verrucosporium. The characteristics and control methods of these diseases and insect pests are described as follows.

1. Mites are harmful.

In the process of producing bacteria, if the hyphae are found to have the phenomenon of returning bacteria, such as the decrease of villous hyphae, the increase of Suozhuang hyphae, and the pink or white bright spots on the surface of the hyphae, there are mites in the mushroom bed. When there are 3-5 mites in the range seen with a magnifying glass, the control target is reached. After covering the soil, the mites will move to the soil surface as the hyphae grow to the soil surface, focusing on the primordium and the base of the mushroom stalk to feed, often resulting in bald roots, aseptic roots, nutrients can not be transported and atrophy to death. At the same time, mites spread bacteria and viruses, and all kinds of diseases in mushroom houses where mites are serious are also serious.

2. Jumpers are harmful.

Jumping insects are omnivorous insects. There are more jumping insects when planting mushrooms in fields and greenhouses. Common species are gray-and-white hornworms and tiny black-horned jumpers. Jumping insects eat both the hyphae and the mushroom body, often clustered in the bacterial fold or on the mushroom cover, gnawing the mushroom body into holes, causing the mushroom body to dry up and die. In particular, the black-horned jumping beetle, which has a fine body and a high population density, is very easy to cause devastating disasters.

3. Damage caused by mushroom mosquitoes

The temperature decreases gradually in autumn, which is more suitable for the reproduction of mushroom midge and mushroom gall, especially in the culture materials with rich manure and incomplete fermentation, the number of mushroom midge and mushroom gall is large, the commercial nature of feeding on mycelium by larvae can reduce the yield, such as the outbreak of mushroom mosquito, the population is too large, it can also cause destructive disasters.

4. Harmful symptoms of verruca fullness

When the mushroom mycelium is in the fungal formation stage, both the primordium differentiation stage and the fruiting body growth period can be infected by harmful verrucosporium. After the mushroom body was killed, the mushroom body showed deformity, the mushroom stalk expanded, the mushroom cover became smaller, and it was accompanied with white fluffy hyphae, then browned, resulting in brown liquid or disease spots. The yield and quality of the mushroom body suffered a great loss after being killed.

5. Integrated pest control

In the middle and later stage of bacteria development, when the insect population density in the culture material reaches the prevention index, it is necessary to use drugs in time, and the types of drugs should be pesticides with high bottom toxicity and no harm to hyphae and mushrooms. Mushroom room conditions are good, strong sealing, can be fumigated with aluminum phosphide, 33 pieces per meter (9.9 grams) sealed for 48 hours. Most mushroom houses or open-field cultivation places can only use pesticide spray control. Fangshongjing is a biological agent specially used for edible fungi to kill insects and mites, which has the effect of internal absorption and stomach toxic. when the insect population density is high, spray 500x; insect pests occur in the soil-covering period, 1000 times can be mixed in the water when the soil is covered with re-application of mushroom water. If insect pests occur in the growing period of the first tide of mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus net should be used to control the pests after the peak of the first tide of mushrooms. Before treatment, the humidity of the mushroom room stopped watering for 1-2 days, so that the agent could be absorbed to the depth of the bacterial bed more quickly and achieve obvious insecticidal effect.

When diseased mushrooms infected by verrucosporium appear on the mushroom bed, you should stop spraying water for 2-3 days, keep the bed dry, remove the diseased mushrooms and burn them in time, and immediately spray 1000 times of Pleurotus ostreatus fungicides, combined with replenishing water. Spray once every 3 days, spray 3 times in succession, can effectively control the spread of germs in the soil layer, and pay attention to control air humidity and strengthen ventilation.

When sowing in August when the temperature is on the high side, there are many sources of diseases and insect pests lurking in the mushroom bed. When the two tide mushrooms are produced and the temperature is higher, diseases and pests often break out. Insecticides and fungicides can be mixed and sprayed at the same time to achieve a two-pronged effect.

Second, can you eat wild mushrooms after autumn?

There are many kinds of mushrooms, most of which can be eaten, but some are poisonous mushrooms. Recently, there are always reports of poisoning by eating wild mushrooms. Some people do not know poisonous mushrooms and mistakenly think that they are edible. As a result, eating caused poisoning. The more good-looking mushrooms are, the more likely they are poisonous mushrooms. Freshly picked mushrooms had better look for experienced mushrooms before eating, do not eat directly, stir-fry mushrooms before eating, add some cabbage also has detoxification effect.