How to grow Agaricus bisporus, which is called "world mushroom"? What are the reasons and countermeasures for the emergence of mushroom obstacles?

Agaricus bisporus, also known as white mushroom, is a worldwide cultivation and consumption of mushrooms, known as "world mushrooms", can be sold, canned, salted. At present, the development rate is very fast, with an annual growth rate of 15% to 20%. So how to grow Agaricus bisporus? What are the reasons and countermeasures for the emergence of mushroom obstacles?

First, how to grow Agaricus bisporus?

1. Sowing seeds

Sowing begins when the temperature drops below 27 ℃. Generally, sowing is used to spread the amount of bacteria on the surface of the material, extend it into half of the material thickness with a small fork, shake gently, so that the bacteria are evenly distributed to the material, and then spread the remaining 1 bacteria and 4 bacteria evenly on the surface of the material. After sowing, it should be covered with a layer of newspaper; if the temperature in the shed is higher and the thermal insulation performance is better, the newspaper can not be covered.

two。 Germ

During this period, the temperature should be controlled at 20: 25 ℃, and the air relative humidity should be kept at about 70%. 1-2 days after sowing, the mycelium is generally airtight and unventilated, which is mainly heat preservation and moisturization. about 3 days after sowing, the mycelium begins to germinate, and the ventilation should be strengthened to make the mycelium grow into the material. When the mushroom shed is dry, water can be sprinkled into the air, walls and walkways to increase air humidity.

3. Treatment of soil covering material

Ideal soil covering materials are generally used in paddy field soil, pond sugar soil, wheat field soil, bean soil, yellow soil, river soil, etc., generally do not use lai garden soil, because of high nitrogen content, easy to cause mycelium growth, less mushroom, easy to hide a large number of bacteria and eggs. Soil should be 15 cm below the surface of the soil, after exposure to the hot sun, preferably granular, small particles 0.5-0.8 cm, soil 1.5-2.0 cm, and then mixed with 1% lime powder, spray formaldehyde and 0.05% dichlorvos, pile up, cover the plastic film for 1 day, then remove the film, spread the smell of medicine, and then cover the soil.

4. Cover soil

About 15 days, the mycelium is basically full of 2 stroke 3, then the soil should be covered in time, and it should take 3 days to spray water, so that the soil can fully absorb water, but the water can not seep into the material, and the spraying should be diligent, light and less. The thickness of the overlying soil layer is 25030cm.

5. Mushroom production management

After about 20 days of mulching, the mushroom began to emerge, the temperature was maintained at 20: 24 ℃, and the air relative humidity was 80%-85%. During this period, it was generally impossible to spray water on the material surface, too wet and breathable, the hyphae were difficult to extend into the soil layer, too-dry hyphae were sparse, and maintained a suitable temperature and humidity. The hyphae quickly grew white and exuberant, and when the hyphae covered the material surface, heavy water was sprayed to make the hyphae lodge. At this time, spraying water was also called "mushroom water". In order to stimulate the formation of fruiting body, the water was stopped for 2-3 days, and the ventilation rate was increased at the same time. When the hyphae twisted into small white spots, they began to spray water to increase humidity. The relative humidity of the air is kept at about 90%, and the temperature is controlled at 12: 18 ℃. With the increase of mushroom quantity and the development of mushroom body, the amount of spraying water should be increased, ventilation should be strengthened when spraying water, and no spraying water should be sprayed at high temperature and before mushroom picking.

When mushrooms grow to the size of soybeans (4458,-23.00,-0.51%), heavy "mushroom water" should be sprayed 1 or 2 times, once a day, to promote the growth of young mushrooms. After that, the water was stopped for 2 days, and then gradually reduced with the growth of mushrooms, until it was about to enter the peak of mushroom tide, and then gradually reduced with the harvest of mushrooms. It should be noted that when spraying water, we should be diligent, less and fine, spray less in cloudy days and not spray in rainy days. Mushroom production stage, every day to pick mushrooms, according to the size of the market needs, but can not open umbrellas, mushrooms should be gently twisted, try not to bring out the culture material. Remove the mud root at the base of the mushroom stalk along with picking, so as not to affect the commodity value. Handle gently, the bruised area is very easy to change color. Clean the material surface after each tide of mushrooms, fill the potholes with soil again, keep the material surface flat and clean, finish the treatment, spray 1% lime water again, and then according to the routine management, the second batch of mushrooms will appear in about 7-10 days. Generally, 6-9 batches of mushrooms are harvested. After picking 3 batches of mushrooms, the soil layer should be loosened, holes should be made, the ventilation in the material should be improved, and fertilizer should be sprayed before the bean grains grow to the new buds after picking mushrooms.

Second, what are the fruiting obstacles and countermeasures of Pleurotus ostreatus?

1. The silk is slow to grow after sowing

After inoculation, the mycelium grew poorly, which showed that the strain did not germinate and did not eat food, and the mycelium only grew or shrunk on the material surface.

The main reasons are: improper temperature, humidity and poor ventilation in the mushroom room.

Solution: when the temperature in the mushroom room is high, cooling measures should be taken to make it reach 22-25 ℃; if the cultivation material is too dry, 0.3% calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed in time; if the material surface is too wet, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation of the mushroom room: if the mushroom room has ammonia odor, increase the ventilation rate, and poke holes in the material surface to eliminate ammonia.

two。 Hyphae grow excessively after soil mulching

After sowing, the mycelium grows too vigorously, and the material surface forms a dense impervious and airtight "bacterial quilt", which is mainly caused by high temperature and high humidity.

Solution: when the mycelium grows out of the overlying soil layer, strengthen the ventilation of the mushroom room, reduce the temperature and humidity in the mushroom room, spray the material surface properly when the temperature is low in the morning and evening, and remove the mycelium with a knife or bamboo slice in time when the mycelium is "covered".

3. Mycelium degeneration in overlying soil layer

The hyphae were not covered with soil for 3-5 days, and the hyphae were grayish white and thin. In severe cases, the hyphae could not be seen or blackened. It is mainly caused by spraying too much water after covering soil, resulting in anoxic atrophy of hyphae.

Solution: stop spraying water and strengthen ventilation.

4. Dead mushroom

In the period of mushroom emergence, the mushrooms wilted and turned yellow, stopped growing and finally died.

The main reasons are: the temperature is too high, causing the mushroom body nutrition to flow back; the mycelium grows too fast, the mushroom produces mushroom densely, the nutrition supply is insufficient: the mushroom room carbon dioxide content is too high, the oxygen is insufficient: the mushroom shed temperature is high (more than 20 ℃), the humidity is too high (more than 95%), the ventilation is not timely after spraying water, and the mushroom bed is anoxic.

Solution: proper inoculation to avoid excessive mycelium growth, too dense mushroom production, resulting in lack of nutrition; the water content of the overlying soil layer should not be too high, and timely ventilation should be needed after cooling by spraying water to avoid stagnant water on the surface of the mushroom bed.

5. Pleurotus ostreatus

The mushroom stalk becomes loose and white, so that it shrinks to form a hollow.

The main reasons are: fruiting body growth stage, air drying (humidity less than 85%) and high temperature (more than 18 ℃).

The solution is to spray timely during the day, keep the air relative humidity at 90%, ventilate in time after spraying water in the morning and evening, and keep the temperature in the mushroom shed at 14-18 ℃.

6. Open an umbrella prematurely

The fungus cap opens the umbrella too early, which leads to poor merchandise.

The main reasons are: sudden low temperature in the initial stage of mushroom emergence, large temperature difference and low humidity in mushroom room.

7. Pleurotus ostreatus

The cap cracked to form a piece of phosphorus.

The main reasons: the temperature in the mushroom room is less than 14 ℃, the humidity is less than 80%, and the temperature difference and dry-wet difference are too large.

Solution: strengthen heat preservation measures to avoid cold wind attack.

8. Undifferentiated fruiting body

There is a mushroom bud but the fruiting body is not differentiated, no cap and stalk are formed, only a mycelium is formed.

The main reason is that there are suitable environmental conditions in the early stage of fruiting body growth, but not in the later stage: improper use of pesticides (such as excessive and indiscriminate application of pesticides).

The solution is to master the temperature and humidity of the mushroom room, strengthen ventilation, do a good job in disinfection and environmental hygiene around the mushroom room, avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and make rational use of pesticides.

9. Pleurotus ostreatus

After the fruiting body was unearthed, brown iron rust spots appeared on the surface of the cap, which affected the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.

The main reasons are: there is no timely ventilation after spraying water, the air humidity of the mushroom room is too high, and there are water droplets on the surface of the mushroom body for a long time.

Solution: always keep the air fresh in the mushroom room, ventilate and disperse moisture in time after spraying water.