How can the mushroom be planted with high yield? What about abnormal mushrooms?

Flammulina velutipes is the scientific name of Flammulina velutipes, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus. It is not only a delicious food, but also a good health food. Flammulina velutipes has an increasingly broad market at home and abroad. The artificial cultivation technology of Flammulina velutipes is not complicated, as long as we can control the environmental conditions, it is easy to obtain stable and reliable yield. So how can Flammulina velutipes be planted with high yield? What if there is an abnormal mushroom?

First, how can Flammulina velutipes be planted with high yield?

Method 1. Change wide bag cultivation to narrow bag cultivation:

Many people think that it is better to cultivate Flammulina velutipes with 25 cm × 50 cm plastic bag, but the wide bag is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria, and when the mushroom bud is few, the fruiting body is easy to bend, which affects the quality, which can not meet the high quality requirements of long handle, light color and tender cover. Therefore, it is better to cultivate it with plastic bags of 17cm × 33cm.

Method 2. High pressure sterilization is changed into delayed atmospheric pressure sterilization.

Because Flammulina velutipes grows rapidly on the culture medium rich in vitamin B1 and B2, and the number of pollen spores is less. But vitamin B1 is not heat-resistant, and it is easy to decompose quickly when it is above 120 degrees Celsius, so it is better to sterilize under atmospheric pressure. However, in order to ensure the pure bacteria rate, the sterilization time can be extended from 10-12 hours to 13-18 hours.

Method 3. Change the traditional vertical production of Flammulina velutipes to horizontal mushroom production at both ends:

When loading, inoculate at both ends and leave about 15 cm of cylinder film, light and uniform pressure, fasten the mouth of the bag. Put about four layers of bacteria horizontally. This method can not only ensure the quality of mushroom production, but also save the area of mushroom room, and increase the output of mushroom house by more than 30% per square meter.

Method 4. Change the one-time unpacking of Flammulina velutipes to control unbagging.

Due to the low oxygen concentration in the bag, if the mycelia grow into yellow beads and then release the bag according to the conventional method, it is bound to affect its growth due to the closed hair culture at both ends.

Therefore, once it is found that the mycelium in the bag grows slowly, it is necessary to unpack the bag in time. But do not stretch it all at this time, until the stalk grows to about 8 cm, and then straighten the bag at one time to ensure the appropriate temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in the process of mushroom production. In this process, the mushroom body should be prevented from being forced to bend.

Method 5. The stalk growth of Flammulina velutipes was induced by red light.

Because the body of Flammulina velutipes has a strong phototaxis, after the bacteria are put on the shelf, a 15-watt red light bulb can be hoisted at the middle of the two rows of walls every 4 meters or so to produce vertical light, which can induce it to grow horizontally toward the light source and promote the extension of the mushroom body. However, doors and windows should be shaded to prevent mushroom body from growing, lodging and bending.

Second, Flammulina velutipes abnormal mushroom how to do?

1. The lid of Pleurotus ostreatus is enlarged and the stalk is thick and short.

Causes: ①, mushroom emergence on the seed block; ②, scratching the bacteria too late or scratching after budding; ③, dry material surface, sparse mushroom buds or only a small amount of mushroom buds around the bag wall.

Preventive measures: ①, scratch bacteria at the right time, stimulate the material surface to bud synchronously; ②, open the bag after the mushroom bud appears to prevent the material surface from drying; ③, press the mushroom bud around the bag wall to prevent the occurrence of obese mushroom.

2. Needle mushroom has no germ cover, and its body looks like a needle.

Cause: carbon dioxide concentration is too high, only long stalk, not cap.

Preventive measures: strengthen ventilation and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air.

3. Pleurotus ostreatus is like water immersion, the color is dark and translucent

Causes: too much water spray, too high temperature, weakening transpiration, water retention of mushroom body.

Preventive measures: regular ventilation, reduce water spraying, and maintain air relative humidity of 75% to 80%.

4. The body of weak mushroom is soft but not straight

Cause: high temperature and lack of oxygen.

Preventive measures: ①, prevention of high temperature; ②, do a good job of domestication and inhibition, so that young mushrooms grow neatly, firmly and without water marks under the conditions of low temperature, dryness and ventilation.

5. Twist or twist the stalk of mushroom, sometimes in the shape of "twist"

Cause: the direction of light in the mushroom shed is changeable.

Precautions: set the top light to cover the surrounding light source and promote the mushroom stalk to stretch in one direction.

6. Lateral mushrooms grow mushrooms around the bag wall.

Cause: loose loading, especially the relatively soft culture material, in the later stage of culture, there is a gap between the bag wall and the culture material, once the physiological maturity, often form lateral mushrooms.

Preventive measures: the material is packed and compacted, up and down evenly, so that the material is close to the bag wall; the lateral mushroom is crushed to death to prevent nutrition consumption.

7. open the umbrella early and unfold or fall off prematurely.

Causes: insufficient water content of ① and culture material, short ② and bag, rapid growth of stalk out of bag mouth, excessive oxygen supply, and high temperature.

Preventive measures: pay attention to replenishing water, properly control the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bag, add a film bag, and cool down when the temperature is high.

8. The basal joint of stalk

The cause of occurrence: when lifting the bag mouth film to inhibit the growth of the bacterial cap, due to the low air permeability of the film and the lack of oxygen in the bag, the villi at the base of the stalk increased and the connection between the stalk and the stalk occurred.

Preventive measures: fold the film at the mouth of the bag several times to increase the oxygen content in the bag; when the young mushroom grows to 1 cm, fold the mouth of the bag to make the bag 4 cm higher than the material surface, and when it grows to 5 cm to 6 cm, all straighten the bag to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide and let the stalk lengthen as soon as possible.