How to grow Flammulina velutipes? Why is there "soft rot"? How to prevent and cure?

Flammulina velutipes is a very popular edible mushroom, it is rich in nutrients, such as amino acids, protein, etc., as well as the treatment of constipation and promote digestion, detoxification and other effects, but the value is high and the yield is not much, and it is prone to soft rot. So how to grow Flammulina velutipes? Why is there "soft rot"? How to prevent and cure it?

First, how to grow Flammulina velutipes?

1. Preparation of nutrients

Because Flammulina velutipes is developed from a kind of mycelium, we need to prepare nutrients to cultivate this mycelium before planting, usually we mainly use cottonseed hulls. The second is to add appropriate amount of materials such as wheat bran, gypsum, sawdust and corncob, and then pile these materials on the ground after disinfection and add the right amount of water to stir evenly, at least three times a day. The material can be loaded in three days.

2. Vaccination management

First of all, we need to put the installed nutrients under high temperature or high pressure for disinfection and sterilization, and then put the nutrients into the inoculation room, and spread the nutrients evenly on the inoculation bed, usually according to the thickness of five to eight centimeters, and then cool the nutrients, preferably at about 25 degrees Celsius, and finally put the bacteria evenly into the culture material for cultivation. Special attention should be paid to the disinfection of vaccination personnel and all utensils at the time of vaccination, so as not to affect the success rate of Flammulina velutipes vaccination.

3. Management of bacteria emergence.

The most important thing in the management of bacteria is the management of temperature, moisture, permeability and other fungi in the room. First of all, we have to adjust the indoor temperature to about 20 to 25 degrees, and then as the mycelium grows, it will make the indoor temperature higher. To reduce the temperature by an appropriate amount of two or three degrees, it usually takes about a month to completely produce bacteria. So at this stage, we also need to clean out other bacteria in the nutrients, so as not to affect the growth of golden needle mycelium.

4. Mushroom production management

In fact, the management of mushroom production is that the mycelium has basically developed, and at this time we can see the entity of the mycelium, so we have to scrape off the older bacteria on the surface in order to promote the growth of bacteria. The second is that the indoor temperature should be reduced here, kept at about 10 to 15 degrees, the humidity in the air should reach at least 912 percent, and the indoor air circulation should be maintained at the same time. In this way, Flammulina velutipes will be more fresh and tender and taste better.

5. Timely harvest

Flammulina velutipes is easy to grow old, so we should harvest mature Flammulina velutipes in time. Generally speaking, when Flammulina velutipes grows to about 12 to 15 centimeters, we should harvest Flammulina velutipes. When harvesting, we should gently hold the stalk of Flammulina velutipes, then shake it slowly, pull out Flammulina velutipes at the left, and then carry out the management of bacteria and mushroom in the same way. In this way, we can quickly enter the second batch of harvest.

Second, why does Flammulina velutipes appear "soft rot"?

1. Brief introduction of soft rot.

Flammulina velutipes soft rot, also known as cotton mildew, rot and so on. Japanese plant blight is a common fungal disease in Flammulina velutipes cultivation, and it mostly occurs in the second to third stubble of Flammulina velutipes in the middle and later period of cultivation, especially in bag or bed cultivation.

The pathogen is Staphylococcus heterogenes, which belongs to half-known fungi. Its hyphae are white, septate, branched. Conidiophores erect, septate, repeatedly verticillate branched, sporogenous cells subcylindrical, base broad, end tapering, tip obtuse. The conidia are oval, bisporal, and a few are monospore. Thick-walled spores can be produced after 15 days of culture, showing a chain shape. Some thick-walled spores can be bifurcated at the base with transparent short stalks or long stalks.

2. Disease symptoms

At the initial stage of infection, the white mycelium appeared on the surface of the culture material of the bacterial bag or bed, and expanded rapidly when the temperature and humidity were suitable. Soon, the white flocculent hyphae could cover the whole culture material surface, that is, the hyphae, conidiophores and conidia of the pathogen. After the young mushroom buds were surrounded and infected by the pathogen, they could not continue to grow and died, while the growing fruiting body caused the base of the stalk to rot in the shape of light brown water stains, and the cotton floc-like aerial hyphae of the bacteria could extend upward to the cover. After the base of the stalk decayed, the diseased fruiting body lodged, which was covered with white hyphae, which completely lost its economic value. if it was not treated in time, the fruiting body could not be formed again, and the culture material would show wet rot.

3. The principle of disease

The pathogen of soft rot can live in soil rich in organic matter and dead organic matter. When planting Flammulina velutipes with raw meal bed or box, the disease is easy to occur when mixed with unclean water. When the clinker was planted in bags or bottles, the culture materials were sterilized, and the first batch of mushrooms rarely fell ill, and the second to third batches of mushrooms settled on the culture materials due to water replenishment, moisturizing spray water in the mushroom room or conidia floating in the air. under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, it is beneficial to the occurrence of the disease, and once the disease occurs, it spreads quickly.

The pathogen was infected at the base of Flammulina velutipes, and the stalk turned brown and rotted. Then it developed upward and covered the whole fruiting body, and the injured area was immersed in water and gradually turned into brown soft rot. The pathogen also survives in the soil for a long time, and generally enters the mushroom shed through air flow, human body, tools and insects, and the damage can occur in about 10 ℃, especially in the early spring, when the temperature gradually rises and the relative air is bad, the occurrence rate is very fast, and the harm is also aggravated.

Third, how to prevent the "soft rot" of Flammulina velutipes?

1. Improve the environmental hygiene inside and outside the mushroom room and use clean water that is not contaminated by bacteria for mixing materials and water for mushroom room management.

2. Control the temperature of the mushroom room as low as possible and carry out proper ventilation to prevent the accumulation of water on the surface of the culture material.

3. Once the disease occurs, it is necessary to timely remove and spray 200 times of "Shierkang" liquid, which can effectively control the spread of soft rot; when using raw materials, 600 ml (3 bottles) of "Shierkang" is added per ton of dry material.