Farmers who grow corn come and have a look! Have you learned the correct way of returning corn straw to the field?

With the further promotion and utilization of mechanization in the whole process of corn production, the technology of returning corn straw to the field is becoming more and more popular among farmers. Compared with the traditional tillage methods, straw returning to the field can not only save the processes of corn ear breaking, cutting, ear transportation, straw rotation and root removal, but also can obviously increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. However, if the supporting technology is not in place, the return of corn straw to the field is also likely to cause three fatal injuries to the next crop of wheat.

First, it leads to the weakness of yellow seedlings.

After the corn straw is returned to the field, the nutrients in the straw can not be directly absorbed by crops, but must be decomposed by microorganisms. The C / N ratio suitable for soil microbial activity is from 25:1 to 30:1, while that of corn straw is from 80:1 to 100l.1. If there is insufficient nitrogen in soil, it will lead to competition for nitrogen between microorganisms and wheat, resulting in yellow and weak seedlings of wheat due to nitrogen deficiency.

Second, leading to lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

A large number of corn straw returned to the field, so that the soil becomes loose, the gap increases, seeds are difficult to contact closely with the soil, affecting seed germination and emergence, resulting in the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

Third, aggravate diseases and insect pests

Corn straw often contains a large number of bacteria and eggs, which can not be killed in the process of straw crushing directly, and remain in the soil after returning to the field, resulting in farmland diseases and insect pests, especially underground pests aggravated year by year, endangering the normal growth of wheat.

These injuries can be avoided by returning corn straw to the field, mastering the following supporting measures and controlling the key indicators.

First, ensure the crushing quality of straw and control the quantity of returning to the field.

After adjusting the machine, it is appropriate to control the crushing length of corn straw at 3-5cm, so as to avoid overlong soil compaction and affect crop emergence and growth.

The more straw is returned to the field, the better. The amount of straw returned to the field should be determined according to the water source and tillage conditions (the general standard is 400-500kg per mu). In principle, the straw returned to the field should be fully rotten in the current year and will not affect the farming quality of the next crop.

Second, ploughing or rotary ploughing as soon as possible must be suppressed after sowing

After the straw is crushed and evenly scattered in the field, at this time, the straw should be ploughed into the soil as soon as possible, the depth generally requires 20-30cm, it is best to harvest while ploughing, to ensure that the crushed straw can be fully mixed with the soil, and there is no obvious accumulation of crushed straw on the ground, so as to facilitate the decomposition of straw and ensure the germination and emergence of wheat seeds.

After returning the straw to the field, sowing wheat, the sowing amount should be increased by 0.5 kilogram on the normal basis, and must be suppressed after sowing, especially in the rotary tillage wheat field. It is best to suppress the seeds while sowing, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil to ensure adequate basic seedlings.

Third, increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer and beware of the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio

The C / N ratio of corn straw was from 80:1 to 10015, and the C / N ratio suitable for microbial activity was from 25:1 to 30:1. The wheat base fertilizer returned by straw should be applied more nitrogen fertilizer, and the wheat compound fertilizer with slightly higher nitrogen content should be selected as the base fertilizer, and on the basis of normal fertilization of wheat, the amount of urea can be increased by 5kg to 7.5 kg to meet the nutrient needs of wheat and microorganisms. and speed up the decomposition and decay of straw.

Fourth, improve the soil moisture and ensure that the soil moisture is returned to the field

Soil water condition is an important factor to determine the decomposition rate of straw, because straw decomposition depends on the microorganisms in the soil, and the survival and reproduction of microorganisms should have a suitable soil. If the soil is too dry, it will seriously affect the reproduction of soil microorganisms and slow down the speed of straw decomposition.

It is better to sow late appropriately, but also to make enough soil moisture to sow the whole seedling. When the soil moisture is insufficient after sowing, it can also be watered in time. Check and replenish seedlings in time. Winter water should be early, the amount of water should be small, and ploughing and hoeing should be done in time to break the knot after watering.

Fifth, remove the diseased straw and do a good job in soil and seed treatment

1. Remove the diseased straw:

The diseased straw can not be returned to the field directly, otherwise the disease is easy to occur if corn is planted in the next summer. This kind of straw should be destroyed or composted at high temperature before being applied to farmland.

2. Soil treatment:

3-5 kg 3% phoxim granules or 3% methyl-Xin granules and 2-5 kg pentachloronitrobenzene wettable powder were applied per mu before rotary ploughing or deep ploughing. Or use 48% phoxim EC 500 ml diluted with 1-2 kg water, mix well with 20-25 kg fine sand or fine soil, and then mix well with 2-5 kg 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder, and evenly spread it into the ground or rotary tillage soil. in order to prevent and kill the source of diseases and insect pests and eggs in the soil, to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests.

3. Do a good job of seed treatment:

It is best to choose and buy coated seeds, or mix seeds with chemicals. Should mix insecticide first, pile up stuffy then mix fungicide, after drying, you can sow seeds, seeds that have been mixed with fungicides cannot be kept for a long time. In the areas with serious occurrence of underground pests, pesticides should be used to treat the soil.

Returning straw to the field is actually a very good method of straw treatment, but you should pay attention to mastering the skills of returning to the field, otherwise it will be counterproductive and disadvantageous to the growth of crops.

The above are the straw returning methods and matters needing attention shared by the editor. I hope it will be helpful to the growers.