How to grow and manage grapes in greenhouse? What are the key points of pest control techniques for grape tiger longicorn beetles?

Greenhouse grapes listed early, generally at least 1-2 months ahead of schedule, supplement fruit off-season supply, market price unit price is high, more profitable, then greenhouse grapes how to plant management? What are the key points of grape tiger beetle pest control technology?

How do you manage greenhouse grapes?

1. Variety selection

Through experiments in different parts of the country, Jingya, Jingxiu, Fenghuang 51, Jingyou, Zana and Jufeng are suitable for greenhouse cultivation. The common characteristics of these varieties are short dormancy period, high yield, high temperature tolerance, storage and transportation tolerance, short fruit development period, early maturity, moderate growth, disease resistance and easy management.

2. Planting and building gardens

Select an annual healthy cuttage seedlings, requiring more than 20 main lateral roots, root length of more than 15 cm, stem diameter of more than 1 cm, there are 4-6 full buds. Planting density varies with variety, site conditions, shaping methods, seedling resources and other conditions. General hedge frame shaping, row spacing of 1.2-1.5 meters ×0.5 meters, planting about 1000 plants per mu. After the planting row spacing is determined, it is necessary to draw grooves to improve soil, apply sufficient base fertilizer and implement high standard garden construction to obtain high benefits. Generally, the planting groove with depth and width of 50-80 cm is applied with 4000-5000 kg farm manure per mu. Topsoil and subsoil shall be separated during trenching, and topsoil shall be backfilled first, then subsoil shall be filled, and organic fertilizer shall be applied layer by layer. Planting period, the method is the same as conventional planting.

3. Fertilizer and water management

After seedlings survive, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in time to raise seedlings. In autumn, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spray fertilizer on leaves at the same time. Pay attention to small amount and many times. Early application of base fertilizer begins in September. Growing season drought should be timely watering, while paying attention to rainy season drainage.

4. Shelter construction and buckling

9-10 In September, a greenhouse was built on the 1-year-old densely planted vineyard. Harvest and market in early summer of the next year. The northern region is a solar greenhouse, with a slight arch from east to west and a rear wall in the north. 7-9 meters in span and 50-70 meters in length. The rear wall and two gable walls adopt brick-earth structure, 50- 80cm thick, 2- 2.5m high rear wall, about 3m high ridge, 1.2- 1.5m away from rear wall.

The pillar is reinforced concrete column, the frame material is bamboo, the back is paved with corn stalk 50 cm thick, and compacted with soil. The Yangtze River basin is a plastic greenhouse, arched north-south, with a span of 5-7 meters, a length of 30-50 meters and a height of 3 meters. Bamboo, cement prefabricated parts, steel pipe can be used as skeleton. The shed film is made of drip-free film with good light transmission and heat preservation, and is pressed into the soil around.

A ventilation opening with a length of 0.8×0.5 meters shall be reserved at a distance of 5 meters from the solar greenhouse, and covered with a film or a hand-pulled straw curtain. At that time, the film will be buckled on the greenhouse and replaced with new film every year. Grape dormancy begins from defoliation and usually completes natural dormancy in about 2 months. After finishing natural dormancy, the temperature can still be raised. From north to south, grape leaves began to fall from the end of October to the end of November, and the corresponding shed time was from mid-late December to late January.

5. Temperature management in the shed

Generally, before warming up, irrigation should be conducted once, covering plastic film to preserve moisture, and then warming up. The temperature in the shed should be gradually increased and can be divided into 5 stages.

Before germination: temperature 15-18℃ during the day, 5-6℃ at night. Germination to flowering: 18-20℃ during the day, 6-7℃ at night. The flowering temperature is slightly higher: 25-28℃ during the day and 8-10℃ at night. Flower drop to fruit expansion period: 25-30℃ during the day, 15-18℃ at night. Fruit coloring to harvest: no higher than 30℃ in the day, about 15℃ at night, enlarge the temperature difference between day and night, promote fruit coloring and sugar accumulation.

6. Humidity control in the shed

The relative humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled at about 90% from covering to germination, 60-70% from germination to flowering, 50-60% from flowering to fruit expansion, and 50% from later to harvest. Soil moisture, soil relative water holding capacity should be maintained at 60-80% from shelter to harvest. In different phenological periods, germination and fruit expansion stages require more water, which should be controlled in the range of 70-80%. During fruit growth and development, try to avoid excessive changes in soil moisture content to prevent fruit cracking.

7. Shaping and pruning

The first winter shears set dry from 80 cm. 5-7 fruiting branches germinate on it, except for the lowest one without ear as a preparatory branch, the rest of the one with ear. The weak shoots do not leave ears, and at the same time, the accessory ears and ear tips are pinched off by 1/3-1/5. After fruit setting, trim ears, sparse small grains and excessive fruit grains, leaving 50-60 grains per ear, 40 grains for big fruit type giant peak, average 400 grams per ear, plant yield about 2 kg, per mu control in 2000-2500 kg is appropriate, yield too high, quality will decline. The winter of the following year, a short section of 1 cm is left from the preparatory branch, and the preparatory branch is pruned according to the medium long shoot, which is used as the fruiting mother branch of the following year. In the third year, the fruiting branches are renewed every year to keep the fruiting position stable.

II. Key points of control techniques for grape tiger beetle

1. Living habits of grape tiger beetle

The grape tiger beetle has one generation a year and overwinters in the branches as young larvae. After May, the overwintering larvae begin to move in the branches and continue to eat and harm. They begin to pupate in July and emerge as adults in August. Adults lay eggs in bud scale crevices or buds, leaf plates, branches. Egg stage about 5 days, the first hatching larvae from the bud near the borer into the vine. First under the skin damage, and then gradually into the xylem until hibernation state.

2, grape tiger beetle harm symptoms

The larvae mainly harm the vines, the injured epidermis slightly bulges and turns black, and the insect feces are discharged into the tunnel. There is no insect feces outside the epidermis, so it is not easy to be found. After the larvae bite into the xylem, the injured place is easy to break in case of wind. The adults can also bite the grape fine vines, buds and leaves.

3. Control methods of grape tiger beetle

(1) Artificial control: It should be carried out after the grape leaves fall in late autumn or when they are put on shelves in early spring. Carefully check the branches and vines for blackening, cut off the blackened branches and burn them after discovery; the large branches and vines that must be preserved can be poisoned by iron wire or inserted with dichlorvos cotton pellets; the fruit branches that do not sprout or wilt shortly after germination may be insect branches, which can also be treated according to the above methods; the migration ability of adults is poor, and the effect of artificial killing is very good in the morning dew of adult emergence and oviposition period.

(2) Chemical control: When the occurrence amount is large, spray 1000 times solution of fenvalerate or 3000 times solution of fenvalerate in the adult peak period, or plug the insect holes with cotton dipped in 200 times solution of dichlorvos. 90% trichlorfon 500 times solution was sprayed during adult oviposition period for control.