The processing technology of aquatic products in China needs to keep up with the international pace

As early as 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the Development Plan of the National Major Agricultural products processing Industry, which made it clear that the production and processing of aquatic products should focus on the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of bulk products, low-value products and wastes. We will promote the establishment of an industrial system for the processing of freshwater fish, shellfish, pelagic fish and algae. In addition, it is necessary to cultivate and guide a number of dynamic leading enterprises in the processing of aquatic products, speed up technological transformation, promote the development of marketable products, and constantly increase the market share at home and abroad.

Today, with the acceleration of global economic integration, international trade and cooperation are increasingly extensive, scientific and technological innovation is changing with each passing day, and the increasingly accelerated pace of work and life makes people put forward higher requirements for food production. Nutrition, health care, convenience, delicacy and freshness have become diet fashion. Under the huge market demand, China's food processing is developing rapidly, and its scale and technical level are gradually in line with international standards. However, what is not commensurate with "the largest country in aquaculture" is that aquatic product processing in China is a lagging plate in the field of food processing. What are the development bottlenecks encountered by the aquatic products processing industry? What measures will be taken to solve the problem? A series of problems have attracted the attention of the whole industry.

Challenges and opportunities coexist

"the overall development of China's aquatic products processing industry is stable, but the current situation is not optimistic." At the national seminar on the development of freshwater fisheries, Cui he, executive vice president and secretary general of the Aquatic products Circulation and processing Association, pointed out: "at present, there are six major problems in China's aquatic products processing industry: first, the overall scale of enterprises is small and the ability of independent innovation is weak." the core competitiveness of the product is not strong; second, the industry self-discipline is not perfect, and vicious competition still exists in the industry; third, the overall utilization rate of raw materials is low, and the awareness of ecological and environmental protection still needs to be improved. Fourth, the decentralized family mode of production is difficult to ensure product quality and the stability of processing raw materials, and the stamina of industrial development is insufficient; fifth, the modern logistics system has not yet been established, and the consumption atmosphere of aquatic products throughout the country has not yet been formed; sixth, the overall financial investment is relatively small, even in some places. "

In Cui he's view, the above six problems, among which the quality of aquatic products has become the reason for developed countries to restrict the import of aquatic products of our country, so that the comparative advantage of our aquatic products export is not obvious. In addition, developed countries also set up technical barriers to our aquatic products. Through the analysis of each batch of "notified products", the main problems in the quality of aquatic products in China are veterinary drug residues and microbial contamination. The main reason for the problems is that there is a big gap in the supervision mechanism and testing level of the quality of aquatic products between our country and the international level, at the same time, the supervision is not strong enough, the quality inspection institutions are few, the technical level is low, and some enterprises can not exercise self-discipline, resulting in some vicious quality and safety incidents, which have a very bad impact on the whole aquaculture industry of our country. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the quality of aquatic products in our country from the source.

"it is true that there are many bottlenecks in the aquatic products processing industry, but the huge benefits gained after breaking the bottlenecks are also inestimable." Wei Chengyu, director of the research and development department of Guangxi Haishitong Food Co., Ltd., put forward a different point of view. She analyzed: "the domestic consumer population and market demand are changing significantly. As the younger generation becomes the main consumer, the traditional consumption pattern based on fresh products is changing to the direction of product convenience, functionalization and diversification." this change provides great market and development opportunities for the aquatic products processing industry. " Haishitong is mainly engaged in the production, processing, import and export trade of Penaeus vannamei and deep-sea Pomfret. It is precisely because the decision-makers of its company insist on being optimistic about the development prospects of the industry, so it spares no effort to invest in software and hardware. Today, Maritime Communications has obtained the domestic "Health Registration Certificate", the American "AQSIQ HACCP Certification Certificate" and the "SGS Certificate" issued by BRC, and the products are sold to the United States, Sweden, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong and other countries and regions.

"Ecological farming" can ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products

The 1996 World Food Summit emphasized "promoting environmentally friendly sustainable aquaculture development closely integrated with rural, agricultural and coastal development", trying to strengthen the protection of aquaculture environment and disease prevention while improving aquaculture technology, and strictly control the use of additives and fishery drugs in feed, so as to ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products, which is the only way to realize the sustainable development of aquaculture.

Tongwei Aquatic Food (Hainan) Co., Ltd. is an aquatic processing enterprise mainly engaged in tilapia production and processing and export trade. Yi Ganghui, general manager of the company, introduced to the reporter the current situation of aquatic products processing in China: "in order to achieve the real development of China's aquaculture industry, we need to start with the aquaculture link, and we cannot have any problems backlog to our terminal." As far as I know, the best way to solve the problem of aquatic product quality is to promote ecological aquaculture and establish the concept of sustainable development of fishery. This method can completely change the traditional development model, which only considers fishery economic growth while neglecting the ecological environment, from resource-based and extensive fisheries to technology-based and intensive fisheries, with comprehensive consideration of economic, ecological and environmental benefits. "

"'ecological farming to solve the problem of aquatic product quality' is not only a theory, but can be supported by a case." Yi Ganghui analyzed to the reporter, "Tongwei fish is a product that successfully practices ecological culture. Tongwei fish comes from an ecological breeding base with healthy water bodies and adopts carefully selected high-quality seedlings. The whole process is scientifically prepared by fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour and other agricultural by-products, without adding any hormones, antibiotics, prohibited drugs and national standard drugs for disease prevention and treatment. It is a kind of healthy and safe fish from water environment, seedling, input to inspection, distribution and listing, and the whole process quality can be controlled. Since its inception in 2002, there has never been a single case of quality and safety problems, which has been highly recognized by the market. "

Processing technology needs to keep up with the international pace

When analyzing the technical means of aquatic product processing in China, Zhou Deqing, deputy director of the National Aquatic products Supervision and Inspection Center, said: "China's current aquatic product processing methods are still some distance from developed countries, and we should keep up with the international pace. Learn from their advanced experience. I have communicated with the Norwegian Fisheries Association and learned that the EU's aquatic products processing has the following five advantages: first, convenience. First use some aquatic products to process fish paste, and then use fish paste to produce a variety of products for consumers to eat directly, both nutritious and resistant to storage, easy to carry; second, simulation. Fish paste can be made into color, aroma, taste, shape similar to crab, shrimp, shellfish, shark fin, roe and other simulated products; third, health care. Aquatic products as raw materials, according to a certain formula, coupled with appropriate drugs, made into a variety of aquatic health food, so that it has become a real "medicinal diet"; fourth, cosmetology. Most of the caviar is not only delicious and nutritious, but also a popular beauty and health food in the world. The deep processing of caviar is promising. After scientific segmentation, aquatic products can maintain the original fresh taste and meet the consumption needs of different consumers. "

Although it is the fishing moratorium in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, the processing workshop of Liaoning Dandong Taihong Food Co., Ltd. is still busy. The workers graded the mixed clams according to the standard export specifications, picked out the dead clams and crack clams, and then transported them to the baking workshop for cleaning, disinfection and bagging. These aquatic products will be exported to countries such as Japan and South Korea.

Du Yuanchun is the chairman of Liaoning Dandong Taihong Food Co., Ltd., engaged in aquatic products processing and export business for many years. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of domestic aquatic products processing and export enterprises, and du Yuanchun is under pressure.

Du Yuanchun told reporters: "in order to meet the standards of importing countries, we have made major adjustments in the direction of aquatic product processing technology: in the processing of marine products, on the basis of strengthening the development of traditional aquatic food, a large number of refined edible fresh fish paste are developed, and then fresh fish paste is used as raw material to produce all kinds of convenience foods, so as to improve the comprehensive utilization rate and added value of low-value products. In the processing of freshwater fish, in accordance with the principle of "keeping fresh, keeping alive, and processing three", we should mainly sell live and fresh products, and do a good job in the development of surimi, fish fillets, new dried salt products, smoked products and seasoning products under the condition of chilled and frozen. In the processing of shellfish, it is mainly to do a good job in keeping alive, purifying and disinfecting, and to carry out diversified development, such as shellfish condiments, dried products, smoked products and canned soft packaging, as well as calcium foods for human and animals. "