Environmental requirements and High-yield planting techniques of Pineapple

Pineapple is one of the fruits in summer, which has high nutritional value and edible value, and is a kind of fruit with excellent economic benefits. Pineapple is a perennial herb with strong adaptability and strong growth. it will benefit from planting in the same year and attract many people to plant it. Here are the environmental requirements and high-yield planting techniques for pineapple cultivation.

I. Environmental requirements for pineapple cultivation

1. Soil requirement

Pineapple has strong adaptability to the soil, but its root system is shallow, so the planting soil should be loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil or mountain red soil, not clayey and poorly drained soil. It also has a strict requirement for soil, that is, acidity and alkalinity, pineapple like acidic soil, avoid neutral and alkaline soil, neutral and alkaline soil will lead to poor growth, soil pH is suitable between 4 and 5.5.

two。 Temperature requirement

Since it is a tropical fruit, it likes the warm and humid zone, the suitable temperature for growth is 15-40 degrees, the temperature below 15 degrees is slow, the temperature below 10 degrees will stop growing, and the temperature below 5 degrees will cause frost damage. It is different to the temperature in each growth stage, in the bud is to keep the temperature at about 23 degrees, which is conducive to germination, but also appropriate shade, in the root growth temperature of about 30 degrees, if higher than 40 degrees or less than 5 degrees will stop growing, in winter should pay attention to heat preservation measures to avoid freezing damage.

3. Lighting requirement

Pineapple is native to tropical rain forest and can tolerate semi-shade, but it is necessary to ensure its sufficient light in artificial planting, so that it can grow well, accumulate sugar quickly, and have high yield and quality. if the light is insufficient, the growth and development will be poor. Sweetness, high acidity, poor quality. Generally, the light is reduced by 20%, and the output is reduced by 10%. Although sufficient light is needed, when the sun is hot in summer, the sun is fierce, which will cause leaves to burn and cause discoloration, and the fruit is also easy to burn, so we should pay attention to shade and sun protection.

4. Moisture requirement

Pineapple has strong drought tolerance, but it still needs a certain amount of water in the growth stage, so it is suitable to grow in the area with 500-2800mm annual precipitation, and the main planting areas in China can meet its water demand. It can adjust itself, when there is a lack of water, it will reduce the transpiration of the plant and reduce the consumption of water. When there is a serious lack of water, the leaves change from green to red and yellow, and it is necessary to water and irrigate to prevent the plant from dying. In areas with a large number of Rain Water, there is too much water in the soil, which is easy to be infected with diseases and lead to rotten roots, so it should be drained in time after heavy rain.

2. High-yield planting techniques of pineapple

1. Choose a place and choose a garden

Pineapple is a tropical fruit, it likes warm and humid areas, in addition, it likes loose and fertile, drained and breathable slightly acidic soil, should not be planted in neutral or alkaline soil, the pH value is preferably between 4-5.5. Generally planted in the leeward to the sun, the terrain is open and flat, which can reduce wind damage, reduce soil erosion, and facilitate transportation and mechanized management. In the construction of the garden, we must open ditches, do a good drainage system, turn the soil deeply and rake fine during soil preparation. If it is a sloping land with large slopes, we must build inclined terraces to conserve soil and water.

two。 Planting management

Reasonable close planting is the key point to achieve high yield of pineapple. Planting density should be determined according to pineapple varieties and planting conditions. Proper close planting can not only increase planting trees, but also improve leaf photosynthesis and promote high yield. In general, single-row planting is used in areas with large slope, with about 3000-4000 plants per mu, and the row spacing is controlled in 30*120cm. In addition to single-row planting, there are double-row planting and three-row planting, which can be selected according to local conditions. Sufficient base fertilizer must be applied before planting, the yield of the land with base fertilizer is higher than that without base fertilizer, and the planting principle of pineapple is deep ploughing and shallow planting, and the soil cover should not be too deep.

3. Planting management

Planting management mainly includes fertilizer and water management, weeding and pruning. There is a great demand for potassium during the growth of pineapple, so it is necessary to increase the application of potassium fertilizer, which is based on nitrogen fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the early stage, but on the contrary in the later stage. The planted pineapple needs to weed 4-5 times a year to ensure the smooth growth of the pineapple so as to prevent weeds from grabbing nutrients. In the pineapple bud stage, in order to ensure next year's yield, part of the buds of the plant can be cut off, leaving some strong buds to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients. Prepare for next year's fruit.

4. Pest control

Diseases and insect pests are also the reasons that affect the yield of pineapple. In order to achieve high and high yield of pineapple, pest control is essential. The main diseases of pineapple are wilt and heart rot. Fusarium wilt mainly harms the leaves, making the leaves soft and sagging, and the leaves change color to red, while the heart rot mainly harms the seedlings and makes the seedlings rot and die. Both of them can be controlled by chemical control, wilt can be controlled by spraying dimethoate 500 times, heart rot can be controlled by carbendazim, and shade should be properly shielded from the sun when the sun is strong.