Yi Shaohua: scientifically guiding the Construction of China's Agricultural products Market system

Recently, 10 departments, including the Ministry of Commerce, jointly issued the National Agricultural products Market system Development Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), which is the first national long-term development plan in the field of agricultural product circulation in our country. it is of great significance to guide and standardize the circulation of agricultural products and the construction of agricultural product market system. From the perspective of top-level design, the Plan puts forward six key tasks and six measures to improve the construction of the agricultural product system, in order to improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, give full play to the public welfare function of the agricultural products market, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. This paper puts forward a highly operable planning plan, which points out the direction for the preliminary establishment of a market system for agricultural products with Chinese characteristics in 2020.

Specifically, the "Plan" has the following outstanding characteristics:

The main contents are as follows: 1. Establish the scientific layout of the national agricultural product wholesale market. For a long time, due to the lack of national unified development plan, the problem of repeated construction of agricultural products wholesale market in China is relatively serious, such as "market without market" and vicious competition in similar markets occur frequently. at the same time, the pursuit of super-large-scale market construction in some places has also become an upsurge, resulting in some agricultural products wholesale markets reduced to "enclosure" objects, resulting in a waste of land resources. According to the factors such as population and existing market distribution, the Plan clearly puts forward eight national backbone market clusters and about 100 national backbone agricultural products wholesale markets. this provides a decision-making basis and guidance for strengthening the overall regulation and control of agricultural products wholesale markets in different regions and sizes, and scientifically arranging the scale and quantity of agricultural products wholesale markets according to their respective location advantages in the eastern, central and western regions. It will help to strengthen the effective docking between the eastern and western regions, the production areas of agricultural products and the main places of consumption, balance the effective distribution of wholesale markets in the whole country, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in different regions.

2. Define the market attribute orientation of public welfare agricultural products. As most of the wholesale markets of agricultural products in China operate in an enterprise way, most of them are owned by private investment or village collectives, and the wholesale markets controlled by state-owned assets also have profit indicators as assessment criteria, so the wholesale markets will pursue profits, pushing up the final price of agricultural products to a certain extent. In recent years, the relevant state departments and some local governments have increased their support to the wholesale market, but failed to improve and adjust it at the level of regulation, which makes it lack of motivation for improvement and can not effectively promote the wholesale market to play its public welfare function. On the basis of the implementation of the pilot project of the public welfare agricultural product wholesale market, according to the factors such as resource endowment, population distribution, consumption capacity and so on, combined with the planning and layout of the national agricultural product market system, the national, regional and Tiantou three-level agricultural product market network was constructed nationwide, which further clarified the basic nature of the circulation of agricultural products with public welfare attribute. In addition, the scope of the public welfare market is expanded from the wholesale market to a wider range of agricultural products circulation, such as cheap vegetable stores and Tian Tou market, which effectively promotes the return of the agricultural product market to the public welfare attribute, and provides measures to guarantee the public welfare market through the realization mechanism. it provides an institutional guarantee for giving full play to public welfare functions and improving people's livelihood and welfare.

3. Highlight the importance of the infrastructure construction of agricultural products circulation. Generally speaking, at present, most of the agricultural products markets in China are open-air or simple greenhouse markets, with simple facilities, poor trading environment, weak barrier protection capacity of public infrastructure such as water, electricity and roads, inadequate construction of fire-fighting facilities, and undesirable safety risks. In addition, the construction of service facilities in a considerable part of the market lags behind, and the supporting service facilities such as information service, food quality inspection, electronic unified settlement, market safety supervision and control, environmental protection, catering and accommodation are not perfect. The facilities of primary processing, packaging, cold storage, cold chain logistics and distribution of agricultural products are also lacking, which not only restricts the improvement of the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in our country, but also results in a high loss rate of agricultural products. Therefore, the "Plan" regards strengthening the construction of agricultural product circulation infrastructure as the first of the six important tasks, and proposes to strengthen the construction of supporting facilities for wholesale markets while focusing on the construction of national and regional producing areas, distribution centers and land-selling wholesale markets. improving the market service function and promoting the modernization and informationization of the agricultural product market system will greatly promote the construction and development of China's agricultural product market system.

4. Strengthen the quality and safety management of agricultural products. In recent years, the quality and safety of agricultural products has become a hot issue concerned by the whole people. As the main channel of agricultural product circulation, agricultural product market has direct supervision responsibility for the quality and safety of agricultural products. Due to the decentralized production of agricultural products in China, which is very different from industrial products with brand identification, it is difficult to implement large-scale quality certification. at the same time, there are some factors, such as imperfect market mechanism of agricultural products, lack of scale, standardization and unification of sampling links, lack of unified market access system of agricultural products supply chain, lack of "identity card" of agricultural products, imperfect cold chain logistics system and so on. The quality and safety of agricultural products occur from time to time. The "Plan" regards the maintenance of agricultural product market safety as an important task, from the aspects of establishing an inspection and testing system combining government departments and third-party testing, promoting the quality and safety traceability system, and establishing the credit record of agricultural product operators, comprehensively promote the construction of the inspection and guarantee mechanism for the quality and safety of agricultural products, strengthen the government's management responsibility in the quality and safety of agricultural products, and improve the quality and safety coefficient of agricultural products.

(the writer is a researcher at the Institute of Financial Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)