What are the planting conditions of peach trees? How to manage summer? What are the technical points?

Peach tree is one of the main fruit tree varieties planted in China, which is planted in both north and south. Specifically, how to manage it in summer? What are the technical points? In addition, summer (May to June) is the key period for peach fruit expansion, new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation. So how to manage peach trees in summer? What are the technical points?

I. planting conditions of peach trees

1. Soil

Peach trees have a strong ability to adapt to the soil, and the general soil can be planted, and the neutral and sour soil grows better. When the soil pH is lower than 4 or higher than 8, the growth is seriously affected. In the aspect of adaptation to soil texture, the cultivation of sandy loam with good drainage, strong permeability and fertile soil is better, which is characterized by early fruit and good quality. If the soil is too fertile, the texture is too sticky, it is easy to grow too prosperous, the fruit is late, the early yield is low, the quality is poor, the taste is light and the fruit is small.

2. Temperature

Peach trees adapt to a wide range of temperature. Except for the extremely cold and hot areas from plain to altitude, the annual average temperature is 12-17 ℃. The optimum temperature for peach growth is 18-23 ℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit ripening is about 25 ℃. Too low or too high temperature during the growing period of peach trees will affect the normal growth of peach trees. If the temperature is too low, the growth of peach trees is abnormal, the fruit is not easy to mature, the temperature is too high, the branches are easy to burn, the fruit quality is decreased, and the southern varieties are more tolerant to high temperature.

3. Moisture

Peach is native to the continental plateau, which is resistant to drought, excessive rainfall, easy to grow branches and leaves, poor quality of flower bud differentiation, small quantity, poor fruit coloring, light taste, poor quality and not resistant to storage. Because each variety group formed different requirements for water under different climatic conditions for a long time, the southern variety group was resistant to humid climate and performed well in the south, while the northern variety group was easy to cause overgrowth, few flower buds, poor fruit and low quality in the south. Therefore, when selecting cultivated varieties, we should pay attention to the type of population in order to avoid trouble in production.

4. Lighting

Light is essential to plant photosynthesis. Peach trees especially like light, lack of light, extended treetops, less flower bud differentiation, poor quality, suitable for falling flowers and fruits, so artificial light is too weak when planting peach trees in the greenhouse. To ensure normal growth.

5. Season

(1) planting time

The planting of peach trees can be divided into autumn and spring. Autumn seeds are generally planted after falling leaves in autumn (in fact, it should enter winter). It is better for a period of time before the soil is frozen, and there is basically no time to slow seedlings, which is beneficial to sprouting earlier in spring. The growth of the tree is also more vigorous than that planted in spring. Spring seed is usually after the land is thawed in spring and before peach sprouting, because it takes some time for the root system to grow after planting, which is equivalent to slow seedling, and the early growth will be a little slower, but beyond the low temperature in winter, it will not cause freezing damage. Autumn seeds in cold areas in the north sometimes occur cold injury such as striping, resulting in dead seedlings, and so on, some places are easy to lose trees, spring planting can also be used.

(2) grafting time

The best time for peach tree grafting is mid-March in spring, followed by the first and middle September in autumn, which is easy to produce glue too early, and it is not easy to survive if the temperature is too late, but most farmers like grafting in spring and summer. Spring grafting is usually from the middle of February to the end of April, when the moisture of the rootstock has risen, it can be cut at 8cm from the ground, and the variety scion can be grafted by cutting method, and the survival rate of this method can reach more than 95%. Summer grafting is from mid-May to early August, when the sap flow is exuberant, peach trees sprout and spread leaves, and the new buds are not yet full, which is a good time for bud grafting.

Second, how to manage peach trees in summer? What are the technical points?

1. Flower and fruit management

According to the principle of keeping 3 fruit in long fruit branch, 2 fruit branch in middle fruit branch and 1 fruit branch in short fruit branch, inflorescence should be selected according to the principle of leaving 3 fruit in long fruit branch, 2 fruit in middle fruit branch and 1 fruit in short fruit branch. Inflorescence can be kept according to 1 fruit per inflorescence after flowering, and deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit and leafless fruit can be removed. Before bagging peach trees, spray 30% moth mites net 1200 times + 2.5% aphids 1500 times + 70% methyl topiramate 800 times + 1000 times Tian up to 2116 times 2000 times Ryan calcium. The weather is dry, water once before bagging.

2. Summer pruning

Thinning branches during the shoot growth period, the over-prosperous branches in the upper and outer parts of the crown should be pruned by the method of removing the strong and remaining the weak. meanwhile,

It is also necessary to cut off dense branches, useless branches and branches of diseases and insect pests. Coring is usually carried out after the Lignification of new shoots, twice in summer: the first time in

From the middle of May to the first ten days of June, the outer extension branches were mainly removed. The second time was in late June and early July to pick the hearts of the growing shoots that had not yet stopped growing. Twist tip twist generally in the new tip length to about 30 centimeters, not yet Lignification, the position should be twisted at a length of 15 centimeters. The angle of pulling branches is generally controlled at about 80 °, but can not be pulled horizontally, it is best to put soft objects on the pull point to prevent strain.

3. Soil, fertilizer and water management

The main results are as follows: (1) foliar fertilizer spraying should be carried out in orchards with insufficient fertilization after anthesis, and it is better to spray urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 300 times liquid.

(2) enter the hard core stage. Mainly applying potassium and nitrogen fertilizer, big trees applied 0.5 kg urea and 0.5 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Open half-ring shallow trenches on the periphery of the crown and spread them evenly, and cover the soil in time.

(3) when the fruit enters the period of rapid expansion, topdressing should be applied in time. It is mainly phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, generally 1 kg of 3-5-year-old trees and 1.5-2 kg of 5-year-old trees. No rain should be irrigated after topdressing.

4. Pest control

(1) rot disease

Scrape off the rotten tissue and wipe off the new original solution.

(2) peach scab disease

Spray 80% Jindasheng, 80% must gain 800 times or Fuxing 8000 times have control effect.

(3) gall mite malformation

After falling flowers, it can spray 10% hyperosmotic dactylol EC, 5% pyridazinone EC 3000-4000 times, and 1% mite lice EC 4000 times.

(4) Hawthorn spider mite

At the time of onset, 1% mifengjing 4000 times, 2.4% avermectin 60008000 times or 10% hyperosmotic acaridins have good results.

(5) Peach leafhopper

It can spray 25% buprofezin wettable powder 1500-2000 times and 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000 times.