[planting experience] planting methods of zucchini in greenhouse

Zucchini has the effect of eliminating annoyance and quenching thirst, moistening lung and relieving cough, clearing heat and diuresis, and reducing swelling and dispersing masses. The fruit can be used as vegetables. So, what are the cultivation methods of greenhouse zucchini?

I. Cultivation techniques

1. Select good varieties

First of all, we should select the early green hybrid with early maturity, high yield, rapid growth and trailing vine characteristics.

2. Cultivate healthy grafted seedlings 1. Sowing time. The sowing time of summer squash in greenhouse autumn and winter is generally from early September to middle September, and the seed amount per mu is 500g; the seed amount of rootstock sunspot pumpkin is 800- 1000g, and it is sown at the same time with summer squash. 2. Grafting method: The grafting method and the abutting method can be used. Plugging method: two kinds of seedlings are taken out first, the true leaves of black-seeded pumpkin are removed by bamboo sticks, and then the sockets are inserted between the two cotyledons, and then the scion pumpkin seedlings are rooted, the position 0.5-0.8 cm away from the hypocotyl is cut into an intervertebral shape, and the shed is covered with water. 3. Grafting time. Seedlings of zucchini and black seed squash are cultivated on two sand beds respectively, and grafting is started when true leaves of seedlings are exposed. Generally from sowing to grafting about 5 days.

II. Cultivation techniques

1. Sowing time

Sowing time depends on local climate and crop rotation. It is advisable to sow late autumn crop in greenhouse in the middle of September, winter crop in warm greenhouse in late October, winter crop (followed by autumn tomato or other vegetable crop) in early and middle November, and early spring crop around New Year's Day.

2, careful breeding

Put the nutrient bowl into the nursery border and water it (or use the 32-hole plug to raise seedlings). It is better to irrigate the nutrient soil thoroughly. After the water in the bowl completely seeps down, it is best to dig a small pit with a diameter of 2.0cm and a depth of 1.0cm in the center of the nutrient soil. Put the seeds flat in the hole. Do not insert the seeds to avoid causing the seeds to lack oxygen and lead to seed rot. In late winter and winter crop, it is suggested to water in the morning to raise the ground temperature, sow in the afternoon, and the thickness of soil cover should be 1.0cm. Too deep or too shallow soil cover will affect the tidiness and health of seedlings. Cover with soil and cover with arch film to improve ground temperature. After emergence, remove the arch membrane and refine the seedlings to cultivate strong seedlings.

3. Planting density

Large row 100cm, small row 80cm, plant spacing 70- 80cm, planting 800-1000 plants per mu.

III. Fertilization techniques

1, growth characteristics: zucchini strong roots; resistance to low temperature and weak light ability, it has a strong water absorption and drought resistance, while the requirements of the soil are not too strict, in sand, loam or clay can be very good growth, and high yield, disease is relatively light, melon picking period is long, high benefits.

2. Fertilizer requirement law: fertilizer requirement is large, producing 1000kg commercial melon, fertilizer requirement is equivalent to nitrogen 3.9- 5.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.1- 2.3 kg, potassium oxide 4- 7.3 kg.

3, fertilization points: zucchini fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, fertilizer must pay attention to the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially in the melon stage must have enough phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Heavy application of base fertilizer, zucchini crop cultivation, in order to prevent winter low temperature topdressing does not occur in time to remove fertilizer, should apply sufficient base fertilizer, in the case of no previous crop land occupation, irrigation before soil preparation. When the soil is suitable for cultivation, 5000-7000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 30-40 kg of diammonium, 30 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate are applied per mu, and the soil is deeply ploughed for 30 cm. After fertilization, the soil is closed and heated for 5-7 days before planting. Sulfur or chlorothalonil fumigant fumigation is also available.

Skillful topdressing: after slowing down seedlings, timely irrigate a water, combined with watering can be washed with water urea 10 kg per mu, after the control of water squatting seedlings. When entering the fruiting period, it is also the period when the winter temperature is low and unfavorable for the growth of melon seedlings. In this period, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out simultaneously, and the relationship between the two is coordinated. Balanced fertilization is the key. When the root melon begins to expand, the second topdressing is combined with watering, and 15- 20kg of diammonium or 10- 15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu. When topdressing, the fertilizer is first dissolved in water and then irrigated in the dark ditch under the plastic film with water. After irrigation, seal the film tightly to strengthen the ventilation and moisture discharge. When entering the full fruiting period, fertilizer and water management is very important. Zucchini harvest frequency is high, each plant can harvest 7-9 fruits. Topdressing is applied once every 15 days, and urea or ammonium sulfate 20- 30kg, or nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer 35kg, or cake fertilizer retting fertilizer solution and fully decomposed human excrement 10 times diluted solution 400- 500kg are applied with water every mu. It is best to alternate chemical and organic fertilizers. At the same time, foliar fertilizer such as 0.1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 times sugar water or Aiduo harvest and foliar treasure were sprayed alternately to make up for the deficiency of root absorption nutrients. At the later stage of fruit setting, the plants are senescent, so the fertilizer dosage should be reduced appropriately.

IV. Management of growth period

1. Temperature management

After planting, zucchini grows rapidly. After entering November, it should be properly watered, and then the shed should be closed and weeded in time to knock out the regenerated leaves of zucchini. After winter, it should be covered in time to ensure the normal growth of zucchini.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Zucchini should be watered as little as possible before flowering and sitting. After sitting on the melon, it should be properly watered. After entering winter, there is basically no need to water, only combined with spraying for foliar topdressing.

3, hanging vine pruning

The first generation of young summer squash has the characteristic of trailing vine. Hanging vine cultivation can increase planting density, prolong growth period, set fruit early and improve yield. Hanging vine is an important measure for high yield and high efficiency of zucchini. In early November, vines should be hung in time, and excess branches should be knocked out at the same time to reduce nutrient consumption.

4. Increase the rate of melon sitting

In order to improve the fruit setting rate of summer squash, artificial pollination should be carried out in time, and then 10-15 mg/L 2,4-D solution should be coated on the fruit stalk, or Shennong 2 water solution should be used to soak flowers to prevent flowers and fruits from falling and promote fruit expansion. 7-10 days after planting, irrigate seedling promotion water again to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings, lay a good foundation for future high yield, and generally do not water before fruiting. When the plant grows to 10 leaves, spray zucchini regulator (this variety is sprayed 2-4 leaves later than other varieties) to carry out drug regulation to prevent excessive growth. Because of the early setting and dense size of melon, it is suggested that no melon should be left before 8 leaves in spring and autumn and 10 leaves in winter. Before keeping melon, the plant should reach the standard of thick stem, short node, big leaf, thick leaf, strong and prosperous, otherwise, the weak growth of the plant will seriously affect the yield in the middle and late stages. When the plant grows to about 15 leaves, depending on the strength of the plant, spray a zucchini balance element. Make the plant strong but not excessive growth in the early melon stage, coordinate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth, pour water for one time after setting up the melon.

V. Disease control

In recent years, the cultivation area of summer squash in sunlight greenhouse is large, but the occurrence of gray mold of summer squash often causes the rot of young melon, affecting the yield and benefit. Therefore, measures should be taken to carry out comprehensive prevention and control.

Grafting disease prevention. Grafting with Yunnan black seed squash as rootstock and summer squash as scion can increase the resistance of summer squash to gray mold.

Hanging vine cultivation. When the zucchini grows to 8 leaves, start hanging vines, connect an iron wire above each row of plants in the north-south direction, tie a nylon rope vertically to the root according to the position of each zucchini plant, and then tie the rope head to the root of the zucchini, so that the hanging rope and the vines are intertwined with each other. Medicine for flowers. After summer squash blooms, adding 0.1% proxycycline to 2,4D every morning at flowering time can effectively control gray mold of summer squash.

Chemical control. 50% Prochloraz WP 1500-2000 times solution, or 50% Prohydantoin WP 1000-1500 times solution, 70% Zineb WP 400 times solution or 50% Carbendazim WP 500 times solution can be sprayed once every 6-7 days, continuously sprayed 2-3 times, each time spraying solution 45-60 kg. Strengthen field management. Clean up the sick and disabled bodies, keep the field clean, prevent and control the spread of germs,

Control temperature. The watering shall be done by dark irrigation or drip irrigation under film, and the humidity at night shall be less than 80%. When humidity is high, measures should be taken to reduce humidity. In the later stage of production, the old leaves should be cleaned up in time, ventilation and light transmission should be increased, so that the plants can grow healthily and increase disease resistance.