Open field line pepper efficient planting technology: breeding improved varieties and planting is the key!

The types of pepper can be divided into line pepper, Chaotian pepper, millet pepper and so on, in which line pepper has strong spicy taste, strong adaptability and simple planting management. The growth cycle of line pepper is long and can be harvested in multiple batches, so the planting benefit can be greatly improved through scientific and reasonable management. Next, let's take a look at the efficient planting technology of open-field pepper.

1. Selection of improved varieties

The most common variety of pepper planted in the front line is 8819-line pepper. Its main characters are as follows: plant height is about 75cm, plant shape is short and compact, growth potential is strong, two-branched branches, basal lateral branches 3 and 5. The fruit is clustered, long finger-shaped, crimson, shiny, and the fruit length is about 15cm, which is suitable for making dried pepper, and the rate of finished product is about 85%. Dried pepper has bright red color, fine wrinkles, moderate spicy taste and good commercial quality. Mid-early maturity, the growth period is about 180 days (days). It has strong disease resistance and strong resistance to senescence and rot. With good high yield, stable yield and a variety of processing characteristics, generally 667m2 produces more than 300kg dried pepper.

two。 Raising seedlings

Soak the seeds in warm soup. Seed soaking in warm soup is a simple and convenient method of seed soaking and disinfection. It can kill the germs attached to the surface of the seed and some of the bacteria lurking inside the seed.

Low temperature. After soaking the seeds in warm soup, wash the seeds with clean water and spread them on a clean and moist cotton towel, then roll them up layer by layer from one end, put them in a plastic bag with a culture fit or open, put them in an incubator or heat of 20: 23 ℃, open the wind once on the first day, and expose 80% of the water in 84 hours to sow the seeds. This method of sprouting takes a long time, but it is especially suitable for raising seedlings in winter or early spring. After sowing, the seedlings emerged quickly and neatly, and the emergence rate was 35% higher than that in the incubator above 25 ℃.

Seedling emergence management. Fertilizer and water management: after two cotyledons are unfolded, 0.3% urea solution can be used to spray the seedling plate when replenishing water to promote the growth of seedlings. Pest control: 1500 times of Baitai and 8000 times of Amelo are sprayed with water to control seedling diseases and pests such as aphids and planthoppers. Temperature management: generally 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ during the day and 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ at night before budding. The temperature drops slightly after sprouting, 24 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ during the day and 17 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night, not less than 12 ℃. When the temperature is too low, the emergence speed is affected, and the seedlings are prone to retting root and quenching disease. Seedling age control: local farmers are accustomed to "top flower" planting, when the seedling age reaches 911 leaves. Through the experiment, it is known that this is a bad habit, and the planted pepper is very difficult to sit, resulting in overgrowth and elongation of internodes. Should be planted in advance to the door pepper bud, at this time the seedling age is generally 78 leaves. After such seedlings are planted, they can grow early and blossom one after another, and the plants are nutritious, which is conducive to the development of early fruits and is not easy to form deformed fruits.

3. Closely planted pepper

The harvest time of sun-dried pepper is concentrated, and the sowing is relatively late. The key to increasing yield is to increase density. Usually, hole planting is used to plant 3000 holes per mu, with 2-3 plants per hole.

Plastic film should be used for field transplanting: fertilizing and covering the border, first leaving the deep ditch of 15cm according to 1.3-1.5 m distance: re-applying base fertilizer in the ditch, that is, applying 1500-4000kg farm manure (to be quantitative) per mu and 2 canvas 3 of 50kg compound fertilizer; then stacking and planing the whole box with the soil on both sides, and sprinkling the remaining 1x3 compound fertilizer on the side of the box; after mixing the flour fertilizer and soil with a hoe, cover the edge with plastic film to fix the seedlings. The effect of black film and two-color composite film is better, and the new method is as follows: the specification is adjusted to one box and two rows of single plant planting, 17cm from the edge of the ditch, plant distance from 30cm to about 3000 plants per mu. The suitable seedling age is 5-6 leaves to ensure that the buds and fruit will appear at the branches of 7-8 leaves after returning seedlings. When planting seedlings, use bamboo sticks to insert holes in the soil according to specifications on the film, straighten out the seedlings into the holes, then take fine soil to naturally fill the soil holes, pour semi-ladle fixed root water, and then cover the film holes with fine soil. Remember that it is not necessary to press the fine soil and seedlings in the hole by hand, otherwise it will cause stiff seedlings; the root membrane holes must be covered with fine soil to prevent the seedlings from burning in sunny days.

4. Result period management

When entering the vigorous growth period (after 45 branches), we should pay attention to proper ventilation, cooling and dampness, so as to prevent overgrowth and avoid falling flowers and fruits. Water should be watered frequently to keep the soil dry and wet. Pruning is the most important for this kind of variety, one is to cut the side branch in time, if the side branch is not cut short, the branch can extend up to 1.5 meters, the top tip is as thin as a ball pen refill, and there is no yield to speak of. The second is to cultivate the middle and lower side branches, this kind of varieties can form buds when the branches are extracted, pay attention to the cultivation of the middle and lower side branches, so that the whole plant can be kept in a certain space, and can reach up and down, transparent and strong. Third, the time of pruning should be around 10:00 in the morning, so that the wound caused by the removal of lateral branches can heal in time and prevent the invasion of germs.

5. Harvesting line pepper

General one-time harvest, can also be harvested in time according to the market demand of green pepper or black red pepper, red pepper harvest to reduce nutritional consumption, drying finished products 250-350kg per mu.