What are pollution-free vegetables? Detailed explanation of pollution-free planting techniques of Chinese Cabbage in Spring and Autumn

There are many kinds of cabbages. The northern cabbages include Jiaozhou cabbage in Shandong province, Beijing green white cabbage, green Tianjin Chinese cabbage, northeast dwarf cabbage, Yutian cabbage, and Dabian cabbage in Yangcheng, Shanxi. Green pollution-free food has been pursued by people in recent years, while Chinese cabbage has high nutritional value and more and more people are planting it. So what are pollution-free vegetables? How to grow pollution-free Chinese cabbage? What planting techniques should be mastered?

What are pollution-free vegetables?

Pollution-free vegetables, that is, the environment of the place of origin, production process and product quality meet the requirements of the relevant national standards and norms, obtain the certificate of recognition and return after certification and allow the use of the mark of pollution-free agricultural products after multiple processing or initial processing of edible agricultural products.

Second, planting techniques of pollution-free Chinese cabbage.

1. Pollution-free planting techniques of spring cabbage.

(1) sowing

Direct seeding and seedling transplanting generally depend on the harvest of the previous crop. The direct sowing method can be used for early harvest of previous crops and timely soil preparation. Otherwise, the method of raising seedlings and transplanting will be adopted. Direct seeding was 5-6 days later than seedling transplanting. Chinese cabbage is generally cultivated in two modes of high ridge and border. High ridges are generally planted in one row per ridge, with a ridge height of 12 to 15 centimeters, and the width of two rows per flat border depends on the variety.

There are two methods of live broadcast: hole broadcast and strip broadcast. Hole sowing is to open holes in the row or at the top of the ridge according to a certain distance between plants. Strip sowing is to open a trench 5 cm to 10 cm deep according to the row spacing, spread the seeds evenly in the ditch and cover 1 cm thick fine soil. The amount of seed used per mu is about 0.3 kg. Measures for direct seeding Chinese cabbage to wait for young buds to be unearthed and watered to keep the ground moist and lower the surface temperature.

(2) Seedling stage management

After the seedlings came out, the seedlings were interspersed at the stage of 3-4 leaves. Remove concomitant, overdense, crowded, diseased, insect, weak and residual seedlings, and ploughed timely after watering or rain, which can not only prevent soil hardening but also remove weeds, loose soil to maintain soil permeability. The distance between seedlings should be 10 cm at 5-6 leaves. In the years of high temperature and drought, the seedlings should be determined late, so that the seedlings can cover the ground densely and reduce the ground temperature so as to reduce the occurrence of the disease. Ploughing at the right time after setting the seedlings can eliminate weeds and keep moisture, this time ploughing must not be too deep. The seedlings should be watered immediately after each seedling is fixed to prevent wilting due to the shaking of the seedling root system.

(3) transplanting and planting

Generally speaking, when the seedling age is 15-20 days, the best transplanting period is when the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves. Transplanting is best carried out in the afternoon. Water immediately after transplanting. After that, the seedlings were watered once every morning and evening for 3-4 days in order to slow down the seedlings.

(4) reasonable topdressing

Topdressing should be determined according to different growth periods and seedling conditions. There is no topdressing in the seedling stage. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the seedling fertilizer can be applied at the stage of 3 to 4 true leaves for the first time, 10 kg compound fertilizer per mu is applied to both sides of the seedling and immediately watered, and 15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied after seedling fixing or seedling transplanting, ditching on both sides of the ridge. For the third time, in the continuous cropping period, 1520kg urea was applied to 1015kg calcium superphosphate per mu, fertilizer was applied into the ditch or hole, and then watered; the fourth time, heart fertilizer was applied in the middle stage of heading, and 10kg urea per mu could be applied with water.

  (5) rational watering

The temperature of Chinese cabbage drops gradually from Tuanzhu to rosette, and the weather is mild and can be watered properly. At the end of rosette, the water can be properly controlled for a few days, and then watered after the third topdressing. Chinese cabbage needs the most water after entering the heading stage, so it is necessary to water the squatting seedlings once. Then water it a second time every 2 to 3 days. After that, water is usually watered once every 5 to 6 days to keep the soil moist.

2. Pollution-free planting techniques of autumn cabbage.

(1) reasonable rotation

When planting autumn cabbage in reverse stubble, it is generally better to plant spring onions, garlic and wheat stubble, and you can also choose to grow autumn cabbage as melon and potato plots, generally leaving open space or ridges to plant autumn cabbage, planting cabbage should be a reasonable rotation, not continuous cropping, nor can you choose rotation with other cruciferous families, which is a key measure to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and cause harm in pre-autumn cabbage. Autumn cabbage likes water and fertilizer. Should choose high fertility land. There are irrigation conditions, good drainage plots, planting autumn cabbage. Soil preparation should be fine, so that the soil is fine and bumpy, which is conducive to the good development of the root system of autumn cabbage.

(2) selection of superior varieties

The key to the yield of autumn cabbage and the severity of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is the excellent varieties. We should select the improved varieties with strong stress resistance, make a reasonable combination of early, middle and evening, and give full play to the role of "making the best use of the seed and making the best use of the land." after the seeds are selected, it is necessary to screen, remove quality and impurity, improve seed purity (more than 98%) and purity (more than 99%). Soak the seeds in cold water for 10 minutes before sowing. Then soak it in 50 ℃ water for 30 minutes to achieve the purpose of disinfection and sterilization and ensure that the seedlings are preserved after one sowing.

(3) timely early sowing

Generally, the suitable sowing date for early-maturing varieties is July 20-25, the suitable sowing date for middle-maturing varieties is July 15-20, and that for late-maturing varieties is July 12-15. If you take advantage of this period to sow seeds, you will dig into your waist and plant in the high-yielding period. In order to improve the sowing quality, the dry soil layer should be removed and the seeds should be sowed on the wet soil for the land with good soil moisture and poor surface soil moisture; for the land with poor soil moisture and poor surface soil moisture, we should sow water seeds, precision seeds, sow 4-5 seeds per hole, sow 75-100 grams per mu and preserve 3200 seedlings per mu.

(4) Land inspection and replanting

Field inspection should be carried out frequently after sowing, and it is found that the missing seedling is broken and empty, and the whole seedling should be replanted in time to achieve the whole seedling in ridges and holes, and the whole seedling is strong.

(5) Scientific fertilization

Chinese cabbage needs a large amount of fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is mainly rotten organic fertilizer, which is about 5000 kg per mu, or 1000 kg of fresh chicken manure which is mature and harmless. The application of sufficient nitrogen fertilizer is the key to the high yield of autumn cabbage. In the later stage, it is also very necessary to apply sufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the application of trace elements is also very necessary. Autumn cabbage enters the rapid growth stage from the lotus sitting stage to the heading stage, which requires a lot of water and fertilizer. Generally, the fertilizer is applied once in the lotus setting stage and the heading period, mainly nitrogen, and equipped with a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to meet the nutrient needs of autumn cabbage in different growth stages.

(6) strengthen management

First, early and fixed seedlings to promote early growth and rapid development of seedlings; second, multiple shovels and fine shovels to promote the body; third, rational irrigation, irrigation in case of drought, drainage in case of waterlogging, especially lotus sitting water and heart water; fourth, disease prevention and pest control, giving priority to disease prevention and insect control, supplemented by treatment, combination of prevention and control, comprehensive control, and mainly take biological measures to control diseases and insect pests such as downy mildew and soft rot.