What techniques should be mastered in towel gourd soilless cultivation? When do you usually plant it?

Towel gourd is a common vegetable, "Luchuan Materia Medica" records: "towel gourd, Sheng Jin to quench thirst, relieve summer heat to relieve annoyance." "Herbal Medicine Book" also recorded: "treat women with leucorrhea, hemolysis swelling and accumulation, all muscles and bones pain." It can be seen that eating towel gourd is very helpful to health care. What techniques should be mastered in towel gourd soilless cultivation? When do you usually plant it?

I. the efficacy and function of towel gourd

1. Towel gourd tastes sweet and cool, entering the liver and stomach meridians, clearing heat and cooling blood, detoxifying and relieving defecation, dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, moistening muscle beauty, dredging channels and collaterals, promoting blood circulation, lower milk, regulating menstruation and other effects. it can also be used to treat fever, body heat and thirst, phlegm asthma and cough, intestinal wind and hemorrhoid leakage, hemorrhoid leakage, bleeding, hemolysis, carbuncle swelling, women's milk retention and other diseases.

2. Towel gourd also has the effects of clearing heat and resolving phlegm, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, beauty and anti-cancer, and can treat diseases such as soreness of muscles and bones, hematochezia and so on. Towel gourd is rich in B vitamins, which has the effect of invigorating the brain; it also contains saponins, which has a certain cardiotonic effect.

3. Antiscurvy

Towel gourd has a high content of vitamin C, which contains 8 mg per 100 grams, which can be used to resist scurvy and prevent various vitamin C deficiency.

4. Strengthen the brain and strengthen the heart

Towel gourd is rich in B vitamins, which has the effect of invigorating the brain; it also contains saponins, which has a certain cardiotonic effect.

5. Beauty

The juice of towel gourd rattan stem has the special function of keeping skin elasticity and can beautify and remove wrinkles.

Second, when is the towel gourd usually planted?

1. Cultivation in winter and spring: sowing from November to January-February of the following year, harvest and listing from December to April of the following year.

2. Summer and autumn cultivation: sowing from June to September, harvest from July to November.

3. Soilless cultivation techniques of towel gourd

1. Raising seedlings

The seedlings were raised in a nutrition bowl. Soak the selected seeds in warm soup for 4 hours, then disinfect them with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 2 hours, rinse with clean water and germinate at a constant temperature of 25: 30 ℃. When 80% of the buds grow to 0.3~0.5cm, choose to sow them in a nutrition bowl filled with substrate on a sunny morning, cover with 1cm thick substrate after sowing, and then cover with a layer of film to keep warm and moisturizing.

2. Seedling stage management

Temperature management

It kept 3032 ℃ during the day and 1820 ℃ at night 3-4 days after sowing. The plastic film was removed in time after emergence, and the temperature was lowered properly after the seedling was completed. The temperature was kept at about 25 ℃ during the day and 15: 18 ℃ at night. The seedlings can be planted in about 30 days and when the seedlings have 3 or 4 true leaves, and seedling refinement should be strengthened 10 days before planting.

Water management

Substrate moisture should reach 60%-70% of the maximum field capacity, and watering is the best in the morning.

Light management

The seedling stage is the key period of flower bud differentiation, and low night temperature and short days are beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation and female flower formation, so it is necessary to adjust the light time and the temperature difference between day and night. It can be shaded by a small arch shed, so that the daily sunshine time can be controlled at 8: 9 hours.

3. Specification of cultivation tank and ratio of substrate.

If it is produced in greenhouse or greenhouse, the cultivation trough is wide 70~80cm, deep 25~30cm, and the length depends on the span of greenhouse. If it is used for melon and fruit corridor design cultivation, on both sides of the corridor can be used trough cultivation or bag cultivation, planting slot width 40cm can be. The bottom of the cultivation trough is covered with plastic with drainage holes.

According to the volume ratio, peat ∶ vermiculite ∶ perlite = 3 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.5 was mixed and sterilized, and then filled into the cultivation trough, the substrate was made into the shape of turtle back, covered with a layer of black plastic film, and watered thoroughly before cultivation.

4. Colonization

It can be planted when towel gourd seedlings have 3 or 4 true leaves. It is suitable to choose sunny morning planting, greenhouse trough cultivation adopts double-row planting, small row spacing 60cm, plant spacing 40cm, planting slot spacing is 80~100cm. Pay attention to protecting the root system from damage and integrity. The planting density varies according to variety, cultivation area, cultivation season and pruning form, and is generally controlled at about 2000 plants per mu.

5. Temperature and humidity management

The ambient temperature should be maintained within one week after planting, about 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15: 18 ℃ at night. In order to prevent the damage of high temperature to the plant, the environmental humidity can be increased. After retarding seedlings, in order to promote root development and prevent excessive growth of stems and leaves, the temperature was controlled at 20: 28 ℃ in daytime and 12: 18 ℃ at night. During the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature increased slightly, but the maximum temperature in the shed should not exceed 35 ℃, and the night temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃. At the same time, strengthen ventilation and ventilation, the environmental humidity should be controlled at 60%-70%.

6. Nutrient solution management

The management indexes of nutrient solution concentration were as follows: 1.0mS/cm at seedling stage, 2.0mS/cm from planting to flowering stage, 2.5mS/cm at fruit expansion stage, 2.8mS/cm from ripening stage to harvest stage.

The suitable pH value for towel gourd growth is 6.0-6.8.

Towel gourd like humid climate, resistant to high humidity, to keep the substrate moist. Generally, the liquid was supplied once every 2 days in the seedling stage and twice a day in the adult stage, and the amount of liquid supplied each time ranged from 0.5L to 2L per plant according to the plant size. The concentration of nutrient solution can be appropriately reduced in sunny days and increased in overcast and rainy days and low temperature seasons. After pouring the nutrient solution for 2 or 3 times, you can pour clean water once.

7. Harvest

Towel gourd is only 10-12 days from female flower opening to harvest. When the stalk is smooth and slightly discolored, the fruit surface hairs are reduced, and the pericarp can be picked and eaten with a soft sense of hand touch. After overdue harvest, the fruit is prone to fibrosis, and the seeds become hard and bitter and cannot be eaten. Therefore, the flowering period should be harvested every 1-2 days, and the harvest time should be in the morning, with scissors at the stalk of the fruit. As the towel gourd pericarp is young, it is necessary to avoid pressure when harvesting, so as not to affect the merchandise.