Ministry of Agriculture issues technical guidance on autumn and winter vegetable production nationwide

Editor's note: as soon as White Dew has passed, it has come to an important period of vegetable cultivation in autumn and winter. Whether this crop of vegetables is planted well or not is directly related to the supply of vegetables this autumn and winter and the spring next year, as well as the annual income of vegetable farmers. Compared with spring vegetables, the temperature in autumn and winter is low, the light is relatively insufficient, and diseases, insect pests and weeds occur frequently, so it is particularly important to do a good job in field management. How do you grow vegetables at this time? We'll give you two tips for this issue.

Ministry of Agriculture issues national technical guidance on vegetable production in autumn and winter

Popularizing intensive Seedling raising and strengthening Green Prevention and Control

At present, various parts of our country have entered the stage of vegetable production in autumn and winter, which is one of the most important stubble in vegetable production in China, which is of great significance to ensure the market supply in autumn, winter and spring and the stable increase of vegetable farmers' income. In order to strengthen the management of autumn and winter vegetable production, the Ministry of Agriculture recently issued the "2015 National Technical guidance on Autumn and Winter vegetable production".

The technical guidance for the production of autumn and winter vegetables was formulated by the vegetable expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture according to the climatic characteristics of autumn and winter, the occurrence regularity of major diseases and insect pests and the occurrence of meteorological disasters, combined with the consumption demand of vegetable market in winter and spring. According to the main production links, such as variety selection, arrangement of planting stubble, raising seedlings, cultivation management, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, the corresponding high yield and high efficiency measures were put forward respectively.

The vegetable expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture suggests that in terms of variety selection, in addition to selecting vegetable varieties with good commodity quality, high quality and high yield, and high resistance, multi-resistance and directional immunity, we should also pay attention to the rational collocation of early, middle and late ripening varieties, and long-distance transport vegetables should choose varieties that are resistant to storage and transportation. Light is one of the main limiting factors for the production of vegetables with high quality, high yield and high efficiency in winter. The light in the facility should be increased by cleaning the greenhouse surface, removing excess branches and leaves, artificial light supplement and other measures.

Autumn is a period of frequent occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds, so priority should be given to agronomic, physical and biological control techniques. Comprehensive application of distant rotation, flood and drought rotation according to local conditions, demonstration and promotion of soil disinfection and remediation techniques, prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, and the use of chicken manure and pig manure with excessive harmful elements is strictly prohibited.

Typhoon, rainstorm, high temperature, drought diseases and insect pests occur frequently at the turn of summer and autumn, frost in late autumn, cold injury in winter and spring, freezing, rain and snow disasters occur from time to time. Agricultural departments in various localities should actively communicate with meteorological departments, do a good job in forecasts and forecasts, and make preparations in advance. Jiangnan and South China should pay attention to preventing waterlogging, high temperature and drought, and North and Northwest China should pay attention to preventing continuous droughts in autumn and winter. The northern areas should be prepared to prevent strong cooling in winter and, if necessary, take emergency warming measures to strictly prevent the occurrence of frost damage.

Beijing autumn and winter cabbage planting farewell seed reporter visited the camp

Chinese cabbage can also grow seedlings intensively.

Now it's time to grow Chinese cabbage again. Some vegetable farmers in suburban counties of Beijing have tried a new planting model instead of relying on manual direct seeding in previous years.

Recently, the reporter saw at the vegetable base of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Shunyi District, Beijing, that a vegetable transplanter passed through the field, and two neat rows of cabbage seedlings were safely planted on the ground, and realized the one-stop operation of ridging, laying drip irrigation pipes, covering film, planting seedlings and watering.

What are the characteristics of this new model, which is different from the traditional planting method? What changes can it bring to the production of Chinese cabbage in autumn and winter?

It used to be 45000 seeds per mu, but now it only needs 3000.

The cultivation method of large white menu ridge direct seeding in autumn and winter has been changed to intensive seedling raising, which is a new autumn open field winter storage Chinese cabbage planting model popularized and demonstrated in Shunyi Green Farmer Cooperative, Shunyi Agricultural Science Institute Base, Yanqing Maoyuan Guangfa Cooperative, Daxing Natural Green vegetable planting Center, etc., by integrating professional resources such as seedling raising, cultivation, agricultural machinery, water saving and plant protection.

Experts told reporters that the traditional direct seeding method of Chinese cabbage requires about 150g of seeds per mu, about 45000 seeds, and then eliminate weak seedlings through inter-seedlings after emergence, which is not only a waste of seeds, but also time-consuming and labor-consuming.

By using the method of intensive seedling cultivation, it only takes 3000 seeds to cultivate Chinese cabbage seedlings planted in one mu of open field, and compared with the traditional method, the seedlings cultivated are neat and consistent.

Save 120 cubic meters of water per mu at the seedling stage alone.

"according to the old saying, if you want to grow Chinese cabbage well, you need to use the ditch watering method of 'three-water seedlings and five-water fixed trees' at the seedling stage, which generally requires five times of watering, with an average of more than 30 cubic meters per mu and more than 150 cubic meters at the seedling stage alone." Qi Wenjie, a vegetable farmer from the Green Farmers' Cooperative in Mulin Town, Shunyi District, told reporters.

According to experts, the main function of the "five waters" of traditional seedling irrigation is to reduce the soil temperature, the seedlings actually absorb little water, and the utilization rate of water resources is low. At the same time, due to the large amount of irrigation and low fertilizer utilization rate, the amount of fertilizer application is too large, and a large number of unabsorbed fertilizers enter the groundwater through leaching, which has an adverse impact on the environment.

Compared with the Chinese cabbage seedlings cultivated by intensive seedling cultivation, the water consumption in the seedling stage is basically negligible, as long as the seedlings are watered once and 4 times are reduced, more than 120 cubic meters of water can be saved only in the seedling stage.

Reduce diseases and insect pests, save labor cost 300 yuan per mu

"in the past, growing cabbage from morning to night, ridging, sowing, seedling, weeding, watering, fertilization and other links need to be operated manually, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and it is very hard." Shi Shukun, who has worked in the vegetable base of Shunyi Institute of Agricultural Sciences for most of his life, spoke of the traditional way of growing Chinese cabbage.

Nowadays, the intensive breeding method of Chinese cabbage combines agronomic agricultural machinery organically, realizing the large-scale planting of Chinese cabbage. The labor-saving advantages of this planting method are highly appreciated by Lao Shi. He told reporters: "the use of intensive seedling raising, mechanized one-stop operation, and integrated management of water and fertilizer can save 300 yuan in labor costs per mu compared with the traditional way."

Experts also told reporters that the main purpose of the traditional direct seeding method of watering Chinese cabbage at the seedling stage is to reduce the ground temperature and prevent the occurrence of virus diseases, while the use of intensive seedling breeding not only reduces the number of watering, but also is conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests because of the controllable environment, which greatly reduces the cost of plant protection. At the same time, the use of facilities and equipment in the off-season is also beneficial to the operation of intensive nursery farms.