What are the planting conditions of jackfruit? Where is suitable for planting?

Jackfruit, also known as wood pineapple, tree pineapple, big tree pineapple, honey wax gourd, cow belly fruit, belongs to the evergreen tree of Moraceae and Cinnamomum. It is a world-famous tropical fruit with the laudatory name of "tropical fruit queen" and "tooth leaving incense". So what are the planting conditions of jackfruit? Where is suitable for planting?

First, jackfruit's planting conditions

[temperature]

1. Jackfruit belongs to positive tree species, likes hot and humid tropical climate, and is not tolerant to cold.

2. The annual average temperature of the planting site is ≧ 21, the coldest monthly mean temperature ≧ 13, and the absolute minimum temperature ≧ 0.

3. It is easy to drop flowers and fruits when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ ~ 7 ℃.

4. Jackfruit is sensitive to frost in the early stage. Under the condition of 0 °C, the branches can suffer frost injury under the condition of-1 °C, and the branches and trees can be frozen to death under the condition of-2 °C-3 °C. However, the adult fruiting tree has strong cold tolerance. In Florida, the tree can endure a short-term low temperature of-3.89 °C-.333 °C, but it can lead to death in a very short time under the condition of-67 °C. The most favorable temperature for jackfruit's growth is the average annual temperature of 27 °C-13 °C.

[light]

The daily sunshine duration is 5-7 hours, light shading or sufficient light is beneficial to blossom and bear fruit.

[moisture]

Adapt to the arid climate, but if you want to grow well, you need good irrigation conditions. Annual rainfall is generally required to be more than 1500 mm. Less water is needed under cold conditions. The tree can not stand the stress of continuous high humidity or water flooding, which will cause tree weakness or even death in 2 or 3 days under high humidity conditions.

[soil]

The main results are as follows: 1. The soil is not strict, and it can grow normally in acid soil, slightly alkaline clayey soil or sandy loam soil with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage. The cultivation in low hilly land or flat land below 600m above sea level is the best.

2. Jackfruit grows well in warm and humid tropical and subtropical climates, grows better below 1542 meters above sea level, grows better in areas with low elevations of 125m to 231m, and has better fruit quality.

3. It is reported that jackfruit is not tolerant to soil conditions with more salt. Generally requires that the soil is sandy loam, sandy loam or alluvial soil, the surface layer is deep, rich in organic matter, the best growth.

[space]

Jackfruit is generally planted according to the plant spacing of 5m × 6m and row spacing of 6m, and the specification of planting hole is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm. Plant 16-22 plants per mu.

Second, where is jackfruit suitable for planting?

Jackfruit, native to India, is widely cultivated in tropical humid areas and is now abundant in China, India, Indo-China, Nanyang Islands, Bangladesh and Brazil.

It is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Sichuan, but most of the other provinces are scattered except for some large-scale production in Hainan and Guangdong.

According to incomplete statistics, over the past 10 years, jackfruit's planting area has increased at an annual rate of nearly 15 percent, and large-scale commercial cultivation has appeared in some advantageous producing areas. by the end of 2015, China's jackfruit planting area has reached 13300 hectares. Hainan ranks first in planting area and yield, and the main cultivated variety is "Qiongyin No. 1" (Malaysia No. 1), with an annual output of 150000 tons.

Third, how should jackfruit plant?

1. Jackfruit's choice of garden.

Jackfruit likes the warm and humid tropical climate. Not tolerant to cold, the annual average temperature ≧ 21 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature ≧ 13 ℃, and the absolute lowest temperature ≧ 0 ℃ are required. Soil requirements are not strict, in the deep soil layer, fertile loose, well-drained acid soil, slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam soil, can grow normally. It is best to cultivate in low hilly land or flat land below 600 meters above sea level.

2. Jackfruit's establishment of the garden

The row spacing of pineapple plant is 5cm × 6cm × 6cm, 80 cm × 80 cm × 80 cm planting hole is dug, weeds are placed at the bottom of the hole, 0.5 kg of branches and leaves are mixed with lime, then return to 1 layer of topsoil, 30 kg of pond mud, 30 kg of livestock manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer.

Jackfruit can be planted all the year round, but spring planting (March-April) and autumn planting (September-November) are the best. When planting, the soil in the planting hole should be fine to straighten out the seedling root system, and then press it into the fine soil layer by layer, and it is appropriate to flatten the ground with the root neck. Immediately after planting, pour enough root water and cover the tree plate with plastic film.

3. Rational fertilization of jackfruit

Fertilization for young trees: the root distribution of young trees is shallow and narrow, so it is appropriate to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and it is better to apply it in the way of water and fertilizer. Generally speaking, one shoot fertilizer and two fertilizers are more reasonable, that is, promoting shoot fertilizer and strong shoot fertilizer. Between before shoot sprouting and a small amount of shoot sprouting, urea was applied 20 grams per time to promote shoot in the first year. Compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer were applied to strengthen the shoots when most of the shoots were 6 cm long and the new leaves at the base of the shoots changed from light green to dark green. In the first year, the plant was applied (20 g of compound fertilizer + 15 g of potassium sulfate), and then increased year by year.

Fertilization for fruiting trees: fruiting trees are usually fertilized 3 times a year. Flower-promoting fertilizer: apply flower-promoting fertilizer before heading, mainly compound fertilizer. Each plant applied compound fertilizer 1 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5 kg, dung water 5 kg. Strong fruit fertilizer: applied in the young fruit stage, mainly nitrogen and potassium, in order to promote the rapid expansion of the fruit. Each plant applied 5 kg of pig manure water, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Postharvest fertilizer: in October, with renewal and pruning. Organic fertilizer should be re-applied to promote the germination of adventitious buds and accumulate nutrients for the renewal of the crown. Can be applied 15 kg of chicken manure, 0.5 kg of urea, 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate.

4. Jackfruit's plastic surgery and pruning

The fruiting part of jackfruit is on the trunk, main branch and small stem branch. In production, the crown height should be controlled and a good round-headed crown should be cultivated. Young trees should mainly cultivate the crown and cooperate with shaping. When the height of the trunk reaches 1 meter, cut short the trunk, promote branches, cut off the cross branches, dense branches and overlapping branches, and generally cultivate 3-4 primary branches with a crown height of 3.5 meters. how to control grape fruit rot to form a reasonable tree structure. The main method of fruit tree pruning is winter pruning, mainly cutting off withered branches, weak branches, over-dense branches, residual fruit branches and male flower branches. In order to control the crown, individual big branches and long branches should be cut short properly to keep the branches evenly distributed and protect the inner chamber from exposure.

5. Jackfruit's flower promotion

After planting, if excessive vegetative growth affects flowering and fruiting, ring peeling or ring cutting can be carried out on the trunk or main branch to make more nutrients accumulate on the aboveground branches and promote the flowering and fruiting branches; or carving every 30 cm on the main branch of the trunk can also achieve the effect of promoting flowering and fruiting. In order to stab the cortex without hurting the xylem, there is no need to wipe off the slurry.

6. Jackfruit's fruit thinning and fruit protection

Fruit thinning should be carried out from March to April every year, and it is appropriate to keep 3 to 5 canopies per square meter, and the distribution is uniform and reasonable. The principle of fruit thinning is to remove the dense fruit and deformed fruit. In the young fruit stage, insecticide + fungicide + foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 15 days, and when the fruit was basically shaped, insecticide + fungicide was sprayed every 30 days to prevent diseases and insect pests and promote fruit expansion.

7. Disease and insect pest control of jackfruit

Jackfruit's insect pests are widespread and serious damage to longicorn beetles and beetles, causing glue flow, branch withering, tree weakness, trunk cavities and even decay and death. It can kill adults, scrape off eggs, or coat tree trunks and needle holes with 600 times the liquid of chlorpyrifos. The main diseases are leaf spot, soot, flower and fruit soft rot, which can be controlled by 1000 times carbendazim or 1500 times chlorothalonil.

8. Jackfruit's timely harvest

The fruit ripening period of jackfruit is more concentrated from June to August, which is successively due to different regional climate, such as high temperature, early flowering, early ripening, low temperature, late flowering and late ripening. Because the same plant has a long flowering period and matures successively, jackfruit should be harvested by stages to ensure quality, increase yield and facilitate the restoration of tree potential. When the pericarp is hexagonal, the shape is plump, the pericarp is slightly soft and can smell the fragrance, it can be harvested. It can be eaten in 2 to 3 days after harvest.