How can hundreds of millions of farmers make a smooth transition to scale? Jump out of the land transfer

The heart hanging in mid-air was finally put into practice, and Dai Yasheng was very satisfied with the results of the experts'on-the-spot yield measurement: on the plots where "joint cultivation" was carried out, the wheat yield per mu was more than 1000 jin this year, which made people overjoyed. The owner of the field said that the field used to be flat in crab ponds, and the bottom of the field was not good, so the harvest was unexpected.

This is a story that is very different from land transfer. Its core feature is that land is not transferred among farmers, but to achieve large-scale operation through cooperation and cooperation among farmers, to improve the utilization rate of agricultural technology and equipment, to increase grain production, and to maximize the interests of farmers. Cadres and people in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province call this large-scale production mode "joint farming and joint cultivation".

How to smooth the transition of small farmers to scale? Recently, the reporter went deep into Sheyang County, a traditional agricultural area, and conducted an investigation and interview on the "co-cultivation" model. The reporter was most impressed by what he saw and heard that the mode of agricultural production and management of "joint farming" did not cut off the direct connection between farmers and the land, and not only retained the core of family management, but also gained the benefits of cooperative management among peasant households, which is a beneficial improvement of the basic management system in rural areas.

Jump out of the frame of land transfer

The development of "co-cultivation" stems from the prohibition of straw burning. Tang Jing, head of Sheyang County, said that Sheyang, like its traditional agricultural areas across the country, faces the question of banning straw burning every year. In order to prohibit farmers from burning straw in their fields, the government is racking their brains and cadres go to a lot of trouble, but farmers are not buying it. In order to solve this difficult problem, the Sheyang county party committee and the county government changed from blocking to sparse, and put forward the method of "returning all the straw to the field and mechanical farming".

Although the method is good, it is beset with difficulties in operation: after the "Dabao dry", many village groups in Sheyang County "good fields are divided into households and cowardly households". The distribution of contracted land according to the fertility of the land is fat and thin, and the land fragmentation of "one family with more land" and "one field with multiple households" is quite common. For example, the second group of Jiangang Village, Siming Town, Zhang Guofeng 9.2 mu of land, divided into 14 pieces; Gu Mingguo 4 mu of land is also divided into 10 pieces, the smallest piece of land is only 0.2 mu.

The fragmentation of the land makes it impossible for large machinery to work in the field, so that the full amount of straw returned to the field has become a mirror. What shall I do? In order to use high-horsepower machinery to crush straw and turn deep into operation, it is necessary to break the ridges on the contracted land every household in order to make the land into a continuous piece of land. Based on this, in August 2013, Sheyang County Committee of Agriculture put forward the "proposal on the implementation of farmland co-cultivation", which has since opened the practice and exploration of "co-farming and co-planting".

The brief explanation of "joint farming and joint planting" is that "the ownership remains the same, the household connects with the heart, and unifies the service and benefits the land." That is, under the organization of the "two committees" of the village, the new family cooperative management model of "peasant household + peasant household + service organization" is adopted, the ridges of the fields are broken voluntarily, and continuous farming is realized with the help of the unified service of service organizations. truly realize "connecting the earth, connecting the heart, and connecting the earth".

There are various forms of "co-cultivation" in Sheyang County. The vast majority of farmers adopt "co-planting division". Farmers and cooperatives sign farming agreements, in which farmers jointly select varieties, cooperatives are responsible for farming, and farmers are responsible for their own field management, plant protection and harvest. cooperatives charge service fees according to the area of each acre cultivated. A few are "co-planting and unified management", and cooperatives are uniformly responsible for variety, farming and field management. Individual implementation of "joint management joint venture", the establishment of land joint stock cooperatives, the implementation of "joint farming and joint planting", joint management of joint harvesting, joint marketing, and dividends per mu.

At present, Sheyang has promoted the area of "joint farming and joint planting" as a whole, covering an area of 600000 mu, accounting for 38.7% of the contracted land management area of the county, which has exceeded the land transfer area accumulated for many years. Dai Yasheng, director of the Sheyang County Committee of Agriculture, said that the practice of "joint farming and planting", which goes beyond the framework of land transfer, is in transition to a higher level of large-scale mode of production. Although it is still a new thing, it provides another way to realize large-scale operation in traditional agricultural areas.

Push forward steadily relying on the advantages of the organization

"the 'three truths' let the spark of'co-farming and co-planting 'ignite the sun." Dai Yasheng said, "popularizing large areas in traditional agricultural areas requires the real attention of governments at all levels, the real guidance of village and group cadres, and the real services of agricultural departments. Only by giving full play to the role of the village 'two committees' can we realize the fission effect and finally realize large-scale production. "

How does the government policy to pry up "joint farming"? In 2014, Sheyang County government skillfully used non-GSP programs to encourage the promotion of "co-farming" and formulated a series of policies to support the development of professional cooperatives.

Under the guidance of the policy, the cadres of the village group have become more active. "although 'joint ploughing and planting' is an important way for village cadres to lead farmers to get rich, it is very difficult to implement and it is difficult to unify their thinking. We rely entirely on a sense of responsibility to enlighten and convince everyone that at present all the contracted land in Xinnan Village has realized 'joint farming and co-planting'. " Siming Town Xinnan Village Party Branch Secretary Liu Jinghua said.

"another important task for village group cadres is to gather 'people and property'. First of all, it is necessary to coordinate the people who cherish the land to the'co-cultivation 'fields to engage in fine operations such as weeding and impurity removal; secondly, we should centralize the purchase of agricultural materials by market-oriented means; and third, we must solve the problem of shortage of large agricultural machinery. in order to meet the demand for agricultural machinery. " Xu Jinsheng, secretary of the party branch of Xingken Village, Yangma Town, said, "it's not easy to get it all in place!"

What can best prove that it is not easy to gather "people and property" is that villager Sun Shiqing broke up with his wife in the fall of 2013. Sun Shiqing, 73, is a villager of Sanzhong Village, Changdang Town. At first, Sun Shiqing wanted to join all his family's 10 mu of land in the "joint farming" organized by the village, but his wife disagreed, thinking that he was idle while spending money on co-operative farming, so he was so uneconomical that he had to allocate 5 mu of land to grow on his own.

After the autumn harvest, the old couple then compared the accounts: sun Shiqing became a "shopkeeper" and was leisurely, spending only 650 yuan on five mu of land, while his wife spent 800 yuan on hiring people alone, not counting the travel expenses, late work expenses and food expenses for his son daughter-in-law to help with the harvest back and forth. After this "contest", the wife convincingly asked to join the "joint farming."

Chen Qianfeng, director of the office of "joint farming and joint planting" of the Sheyang County Committee of Agriculture, said that after "cherishing land" farmers participated in "joint farming and joint planting," town and village cadres guided farmers to develop in an orderly manner to "joint management and joint management." The cooperatives founded by Xingken Village, Yangma Town, which are owned by farmers, are divided equally according to the cost and output per mu, and the second distribution is carried out by the village collective and farmers after ensuring the bottom output. this is a useful exploration.

In order to strengthen technical services, the Sheyang County Committee of Agriculture launched the "double hundred Project", that is, 100 agricultural technical backbones were transferred from the system of the Sheyang County Agricultural Committee, and each of them was linked to a village responsible for guiding and promoting the demonstration side of "joint farming and joint cultivation" of more than 100 mu. Lin Chuntai, director of the crop cultivation Technology guidance Station in Sheyang County, said that during the autumn sowing period every year, Sheyang agricultural departments carry out technical promotion through various forms, and strive to apply agricultural integrated technology in one step.

A replicable multi-win model

The advantage of "co-cultivation" is easy to organize, low threshold, small incision, the key is to maximize the interests of farmers. During the discussion, county agricultural technicians, village cadres, and farmers calculated several accounts for the reporter: first, to increase the area of cultivated land and reduce production costs. Breaking the ridge of the field can increase the area of cultivated land by about 5%; after unified cultivation and raising seedlings, the cost can be saved by 75 yuan per mu; second, the per unit yield and planting income can be increased. Changdang Town three Village villagers music Taoism, there are 6 mu of contracted land. After participating in the "joint farming and planting", the annual net income of grain production is 11100 yuan. If the land is transferred, the rent per mu will be calculated at 800 yuan, resulting in a tired income of 4800 yuan. The third is to enhance the soil fertility. According to the calculation of returning 800 jin of wheat straw per mu to the field at the county tillage and protection station, the soil organic matter can be increased by 30% after 3 years.

"'co-farming and co-planting'is more suitable for traditional agricultural areas in China." According to the analysis of Zhang Dongke and Zhang Zheng of the Central Agricultural Office, China's existing plains are suitable for cultivated land of 620 million mu, accounting for nearly 1% of the country's total arable land area, which is the main body of traditional agricultural areas and a strategic base for ensuring the supply of grain and other major agricultural products. Although the urbanization rate of our country is increasing year by year, there will still be a large number of rural residents in the traditional rural areas in the future. The practice of "co-cultivation" in Sheyang County shows that farmers in traditional agricultural areas not only have the demand and desire for joint cooperation, but also have continuous cultivated land in plain areas, and have the potential to increase land production, and have the necessary conditions for the implementation of "co-cultivation". In traditional rural areas, how do hundreds of millions of farmers smoothly transition to scale? Co-farming provides a replicable experience. This way can not only allow the broad masses of farmers to participate in it, reflect social fairness, but also achieve large-scale land management and improve the land output rate.

"'co-farming and co-planting'is conducive to improving the level of agricultural competitiveness in major grain-producing areas with densely populated agriculture." Dang Guoying, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it is estimated that about 80 percent of China's grain output is produced in areas with agricultural conditions similar to those in Sheyang County. the main characteristics of agricultural production in these areas are relatively dense population, unstable labor transfer, and the elderly and women "wait" for agricultural land. In addition to a small number of corporatized agriculture and land-leased family farms, about 50% of the grain in these areas is still produced in the "small farmers + social service" model. Thus it can be seen that it is of universal significance to learn from and apply the model of "co-cultivation and co-cultivation" in Sheyang County to further improve the level of agricultural scale management in our country.

"Joint farming and planting is the practice of the masses of farmers and the creation of grass-roots organizations. we will forge ahead in accordance with the goals of the United Democratic Association, joint farming and planting, joint management, joint industry, and joint affluence. To create a new impression that Sheyang is superior in agriculture, rich in farmers and beautiful in rural areas under the new normal." Sheyang County Party Committee Secretary Dai Rongjiang said confidently.