What are the planting methods of sunflower seeds? What are the planting conditions?

Sunflower is a plant that opens to the sun. It is an economic crop that integrates edible and ornamental values. So, what are the planting methods of sunflower seeds? What are the planting conditions for sunflowers? Let's get to know it.

I. planting methods of sunflower seeds

1. Land selection and preparation

Selecting a good plot when planting is an important factor to increase yield and income. Sunflower can adapt to soil widely, can adapt to heavy clay to light sandy soil, and must be resistant to acid and alkali. Generally, the acidity and alkalinity is between 5.5 and 8.5. The larger acidity and basicity has a certain effect on its growth. If the soil layer is deep and the terrain is flat, we must also require a rotation period of more than 4 years, fine soil preparation, deep turning of the soil, breaking the soil, removing stones and other hard objects, and then applying sufficient base fertilizer.

2. Seed selection treatment

The seeds with good varieties, fast growth, high yield, stress resistance and disease resistance must be selected, and the seeds with full grains, shape, size and color must be selected, while those with poor quality should be eliminated. Before sowing, the seeds should be treated to improve the germination rate, first put the selected seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, and remember to turn them in time when drying the seeds. Soak the seeds with 150ml of 40% zinc parathion and 5-7.5kg in water to eliminate the germs on the surface of the seeds and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

3. Sowing seeds

The sowing time depends on the local climate and soil. Generally, the sowing time is between April and May. Hole sowing and trenching on demand can be used as sowing methods, generally dominated by hole sowing. General hole depth is 5-6cm, sowing rate is 1-1.5kg per mu, sowing 4-5 seeds per hole, wide and narrow row sowing, large row spacing is 1 meter, while small row spacing is 60cm, plant spacing is 60cm. After seedling emergence, it is best to keep about 1400 seedlings per mu according to the actual situation of seedling emergence.

4. field management in the later stage.

The field management in the later stage mainly includes mid-tillage weeding, fertilizer and water management and auxiliary pollination. Intertillage and weeding should be carried out 2-3 times a year to ensure strong planting growth, the first time can be carried out between seedlings, intertillage 3-4cm, topdressing the right amount of urea, the second time in a week, when deep ploughing 8-10cm, the third time at the end of the plate, deep ploughing 3-4cm, topdressing fertilizer. Artificial pollination of sunflower is very important. It is a cross-pollinated crop. Artificial pollination of sunflower can increase seed setting rate, yield and income. The specific method is: put on gloves, after 2-3 days of blooming, touch them one by one, artificial pollination is best in the morning or evening, to avoid the high temperature period at noon.

2. Planting conditions of sunflower

1. Temperature: sunflower is a temperature-loving and cold-tolerant crop, which has strong adaptability to temperature and strong tolerance to low temperature. Seeds with stable local temperature begin to germinate when the local temperature is more than 2 ℃, and can germinate and take root at 4-5 ℃. When the ground temperature reaches 8-10 ℃, it can meet the needs of seed germination and emergence. During the whole growth process, sunflowers can grow normally as long as the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃.

2. Water: sunflower is a crop that consumes a lot of water, with tall plants, many leaves and dense leaves, and its water absorption is 1.74 times that of corn, but because its growth and development is synchronized with local rain and heat, the contradiction between water supply and demand is not prominent. there are great differences in water requirements at different growth stages. There is not much water from sowing to budding, the peak of water demand from budding to flowering, and more water from flowering to maturity.

3. Light: sunflower is a short-day crop, which is not very sensitive to sunlight. Like plenty of sunlight, its seedlings, leaves and disk have a strong phototropism. Sufficient sunshine and strong seedlings can prevent overgrowth. Sufficient sunshine in the middle growth stage can promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves, normal flowering and pollination, and improve the seed setting rate. In the later stage of growth, the sunshine is sufficient, and the grain is full.

4. Soil: sunflowers have low requirements for soil and can grow on all kinds of soils, from fertile soil to dry land, barren and saline-alkali land. It not only has strong saline-alkali tolerance, but also has salt absorption ability. At the same time, sunflower has developed root system and strong drought resistance. Moreover, the root and stem aerosol tissue of sunflower is well developed, which is very resistant to waterlogging.