Detailed explanation of planting methods and nursing precautions of pineapple

Pineapple is a tropical fruit cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan. Pineapple has strong negative tolerance, like diffuse light, avoid direct light, but high yield and high quality still need sufficient light. How do you grow pineapples? The planting method and nursing precautions of pineapple are explained in detail.

1. Planting time of pineapple

Pineapple is best planted in autumn, because young pineapples need sunlight, but afraid of strong sunlight, planting in autumn can avoid summer.

Second, the planting method of pineapple

(1) planting potted pineapple

1. This is the most important step, which is to find a suitable pineapple. Its foliage is well developed and intact as a whole. Pay special attention to the small leaves in the core and don't pull them out at once. There is no macula on the leaf surface, no shell insects.

2. Cut from the junction of leaves and pineapple without pulp.

3. Peel off the outer green leaves layer by layer from the lower green leaflets, leaving 5-10 large leaves according to the size of the leaves. Be careful to peel off only the green leaves outside. There may be some small leaves hidden between the green leaves, which should be preserved. In this way, the lower part of the white stem is exposed from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm.

4. After drying in a cool place for a few days, put it in a glass or a suitable bottle. The height of the water should be higher than half of the white stem but lower than the base of the leaf.

5. Planted in the cultivated soil with good slightly acidic drainage. Pineapple is a fibrous root, afraid of water in the soil. Cultivated soil does not need to be fertile and does not add base fertilizer. Because the root system of pineapple is underdeveloped, the flowerpot does not have to be very large, so change the big pot (> 10 liters) when changing the pot the next year.

6. Give 6 hours of sun exposure after a week. Keep the cultivated soil moist. The way of watering is a little special. Pour a small cup of water on the leaves and leaves and let the water flow down the plant into the basin.

Fertilization begins when new leaves begin to grow in the center. If you use compound fertilizers, choose varieties that do not contain copper or boron. Prepare a small cup of fertilizer water, just like watering, and pour it on the center of the leaves and leaves.

8. When the root system is not sound, the pineapple mainly absorbs the water and nutrients retained in the leaves through the foliage. It's a lot like watching pineapples. After two months of planting, the root system is fully developed and maintained like other long-sunshine flowers. Pay attention to pineapple is more drought-resistant, do not water too much.

(2) planting in the open field

1. Garden site selection

For pineapple, it likes the acid soil with loose soil and good air permeability, and the pH value is between 4.0 and 5.5. It is not suitable to grow pineapple in neutral and alkaline soil.

2. Pineapple planting

Pineapple planting density. To determine the planting density according to different varieties, natural conditions, planting management conditions and slope is an important link to increase the yield per unit area. Proper density, increase the number of plants per unit area, increase photosynthesis and increase the leaf volume index, so as to increase the yield of pineapple.

The mode of planting. In the section with large slope, single row planting is adopted with density of 22500 ~ 27000 plants / hm2, plant spacing 30~35cm, row spacing 120cm, usually wide row narrow double row planting method, generally large row 100~120cm, small row 30~50cm, double row planting can not only ensure the number of seedlings per unit area, but also make the orchard ventilated and transparent and convenient for operation and management. under the same plant number and management, the yield of double row planting is higher than that of single row planting and three row planting.

High yield can also be obtained by plastic film mulching, which is 2m wide, so the border is 2m wide. During planting, pineapple seedlings are planted according to the planned specification 30cm × 30cm by digging small holes.

3. Apply enough fertilizer

The cost of applying base fertilizer is low and the effect is good. The plot without base fertilizer needs one more topdressing, which is not as high as the yield of base fertilizer. Generally, 15000 kg/hm2 of farm manure and calcium superphosphate 750~1500kg/hm2 are used to compost and apply in the whole field.

4 、. Colonization

The principle of planting pineapple is deep ploughing and shallow planting, and it is not suitable to bury the soil over the place where the sprouts are opened when covering the soil. The seedlings can be planted according to varieties, buds and the size of seedlings, so that the growth can be consistent and convenient to manage. In the land with underground pests, each seedling should be mixed with methyl isosulphate agent 45kg/hm2 or carbofuran at the same time. 15 days after planting, the seedlings should be replenished in time to ensure that the whole seedling can get high yield.

5. Control of diseases and insect pests

The common diseases in pineapple planting are Fusarium wilt and heart rot. The phenomenon of Fusarium wilt is that the leaves become soft and drooping, and the leaves are light green to red. Drug control can be carried out by spraying and irrigating diseased plants and soil with dimethoate 500 times solution, and the seriously diseased plants can be dug up and burned out thoroughly. Heart rot is mainly caused by the death of seedlings or the accumulation of heat and stagnant water. the main control method is to spread the seedlings and turn them over for 7 days before planting. The method of chemical control of the disease is mainly caused by carbendazim 25% or methyl topiramate 70% 1000 times. In strong sunlight, you can cover the pineapple with grass or newspaper to prevent the pineapple fruit from being damaged by the sun.

Third, nursing precautions of pineapple

1. Fertilizer application

Pineapple needs a lot of potassium, but it is better to apply potassium fertilizer appropriately. In terms of specific requirements, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is heavy first and then light, potassium fertilizer is first light and then heavy, and phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer.

two。 Weeding in orchard

Newly planted pineapple orchard weeds 3-5 times a year, manual weeding takes a lot of work, if chemical weeding, it can greatly improve the efficiency of work.

3. To remove or leave buds

After pineapple budding, crown buds, fast buds, sucking buds, descendant buds, etc. are extracted one after another. if all are left, it will affect fruit growth, yield and the growth of fruiting buds in the next year, so it is necessary to remove the excess buds and leave appropriate buds as next year's fruiting plants.