What is the price and planting method of peanut seeds? 8 steps to teach you to grow high-yield peanuts!

Peanuts are rich in yield and widely eaten in China. Therefore, the number of farmers growing peanuts is also increasing year by year. So what is the price and planting method of peanut seeds? How to grow high yield? What are the specific steps?

I. seed price of peanuts

The price of raw seeds is about 810 yuan per jin, but it varies greatly due to different seed quality, variety, producing area, market and so on. Peanut cultivation is very common in China, usually one mu of land needs about 20 jin of peanut seeds, one thousand holes per mu, two to three grains per mu, the yield per mu is about 600 jin, and the high-yield field can be close to 800 jin.

II. Planting methods and steps of peanuts

1. Deep ploughing and land preparation

The most suitable soil conditions for peanut growth and development are sandy loam or light loam with good drainage, deep and fertile soil layer, no board in dry time, no stickiness in wet time, and moderate proportion of clay and sand particles. Peanut is not tolerant to salt and alkali and can not germinate when the pH value is 8. When the acidity is too high, the availability of calcium, phosphorus and molybdenum in the soil is poor, it is not easy to absorb and utilize, and the toxicity of high price iron and aluminum may occur, so the most suitable soil pH value of peanut is 6.5-7.

Deep ploughing reduced the effect of continuous cropping on yield, increased soil permeability, promoted soil microbial activity, decomposed insoluble nutrients in soil for crop absorption and utilization, combined with sand pressing and organic fertilizer application, it can effectively increase the thickness of living soil layer and the content of soil organic matter. Because peanut is a deep-rooted crop, the root group is distributed in the living soil layer, the living soil layer is thick, the root quantity is large, and the ability to absorb nutrients and water is strong, which is very helpful to promote peanut growth and improve drought tolerance.

2. Ridging

Ridging planting is a successful experience in increasing peanut yield, which is significantly increased by increasing 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and rice yield. Generally sowing in the first half of the month, the ridge height of 8cm, ridge width according to local conditions, can be determined according to the topography and the number of planting rows, ridge width of 30-40 cm.

Ridging planting has many advantages, one is to increase the light surface, increase the soil temperature, thicken the living soil layer, and ensure that the seedlings are neat and strong. If the light surface is increased by 6% compared with flat cropping, the soil temperature at seedling stage is 1.2 ℃ higher than that of flat cropping, and the seedling emergence rate can be increased by 5%, and the root system is more developed than flat cropping. The second is to prevent fat damage and facilitate the removal of grains. The third is to loosen the fruiting layer, which is beneficial to the penetration of fruit needles and the development of pods. The fourth is to make the result layer move up than flat, easy to harvest, but also can prevent waterlogging.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

A single flower in a crop is dominated by fertilizer. In order to fertilize peanut in ridge cultivation, 80% fertilizer should be applied in winter or spring ploughing, and 20% should be wrapped in the ridge when ridging, so as to avoid direct contact between seeds and fertilizer. Although peanut has developed root system and nitrogen fixation by rhizobium, there can be a certain harvest without fertilization, but the demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is higher than that of other crops.

4. Drying seed classification

Fully expose pods before sowing, improve physiological activity, enhance water absorption and germination potential, if peanut seeds are exposed directly, it is very easy to make the seed coat become brittle and burst, so that the seeds lose protection and are easy to rot. Generally, the fruit is dried for 2-3 days before sowing. Although the initial emergence period of the fruit is only one day earlier than that of the undried fruit, the peak period of seedling emergence is 5 days earlier, with an average increase of more than 8%.

After shelling, try to choose brightly colored, full and uniform seeds as first-class seeds to sow together, so as to avoid symbiosis of large and small seedlings, bullying small seedlings and reducing production. According to experience, the yield of selective sowing first-class species is more than 20% higher than that of mixed species.

The suitable time for peeling pods is about 10 days before sowing. Experiments and practice show that the later the peeling is, the stronger the seed vigor is, and the more orderly and robust the seedlings are.

5. Sowing at the right time and reasonable close planting

Sowing time should be appropriate, sowing early is easy to affect flower bud differentiation, and it is easy to rot in low temperature, overcast and rain before emergence; late sowing can not make full use of the growing period, affecting the number of effective flowers and pod development, and reducing yield and quality. Pay attention to the planting density, generally large peanuts per mu about 8000 holes, small peanut density can be larger, about 10000 holes, each hole 2 seeds.

6. key points of cultivation and management in the early stage

First, it is necessary to check seedlings and replant. If the lack of seedlings is found 10-15 days after sowing, prompt budding and replanting should be carried out in time, and some spare seedlings can also be found to sow some spare seedlings when the peanuts are sown. After the peanuts are unearthed, take the soil to transfer the seedlings and replant the seedlings, be careful not to hurt the roots.

The second is Kiyoko. Qinggu is to remove the surrounding soil after the emergence of peanuts to expose the cotyledons to the ground. The benefits of doing so have been discussed earlier, so I will not repeat them here.

The third is to cultivate soil. The function of soil cultivation is to shorten the distance between the fruit needle and the ground, make the fruit needle enter the soil early, and increase the seed setting rate and full fruit rate. Note that it is generally carried out 15-20 days after flowering after rain or cloudy days before ridging.

7. Key points of cultivation and management in the middle and later period.

The high yield of peanut requires not only growing in the middle stage and no premature senescence in the later stage.

The podding period is the most exuberant period of peanut growth, and it is also the peak period of fertilizer and water demand. The lack of water and fertilizer will affect the plant growth process and pod fullness. However, the good foundation of soil fertility and the high temperature and rain during the flower-needle period can also cause the plants to grow and seal the rows prematurely, resulting in the closure of the field, the decrease of leaf area, the high hanging of fruit needles and the lack of fruit. Therefore, at 30 seconds and 45 days after the first flowering, regulators such as meglumine or paclobutrazol were sprayed to regulate the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of peanut, increase the transport rate of photosynthate to pods, and increase pod setting rate and satiety rate. Pay attention to strictly grasp the dosage and spraying time, the dosage can be reduced appropriately in general dry years, and the effect of spraying in sunny days at the end of flowering is better.

After the podding stage, the root absorptive capacity of peanut weakened, the main nutrients of stems and leaves could not make ends meet, and the phenomenon of de-fertilization and premature senescence was easy to occur. Before harvest, the basal leaves of stem branches gradually fall off, and there are only 6 top leaves per stem branch, which is the basis for maintaining the vitality of the whole plant and carrying out photosynthesis. in order to enhance leaf vitality and prolong the functional period, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed from the later stage of fruit, once every 7 times every 10 days, for 3 times.

8. Harvest and storage

Peanuts are infinite flowering plants, and pods cannot mature at the same time, so when new peanuts are harvested, the water content of mature pods is about 50%, and the immature pods are about 60%, which must be dried in time. Generally, after 6 days of drying, the fruit is shaken, and the pod water content is reduced to less than 10%, and when the seed water content is reduced to 7%, you can choose a ventilated and dry place for storage.

Finally, teach us how to ensure the high and stable yield of peanuts planted in continuous cropping land.

In order to achieve stable and high yield year after year, in addition to normal scientific nutrition and fertilization, two problems need to be solved: one is to eliminate the harm of heavy stubble bacteria. Planting peanuts in the same plot year after year, the more stubble, the greater the harm of heavy stubble bacteria, the lower the yield; the second is to promote the growth of root nodules. The nodule can fix the nitrogen in the air and use it for the nutritional requirements of peanut growth. Peanuts, soybeans and other crops, the required nitrogen nodules can ensure 85% of the supply, therefore, growing peanuts do not need to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, if too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, it can not only inhibit the growth of root nodules, but also make leaf vines grow and affect the growth of fruits. Peanuts with exuberant leaves almost have few fruits and chaff, and the yield is low.