How to take the road of rural industrial integration? The new business entity can do this.

New business entities can drive integration in this way.

To promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, it is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of the vast number of traditional small farmers, and the role of new agricultural operators should not be underestimated. Through the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas driven by new agricultural operators, the cross-border intensive allocation of capital, technology and resource elements can be realized. so that agricultural production, agricultural products processing and sales, catering, leisure and other rural services coordinated development, and finally achieve the extension of rural agricultural industrial chain, industrial scope expansion and farmers' income.

Industrial integration can be divided into industrial integration, industrial chain extension, industrial intersection and technology penetration and so on.

Industrial integration type

Establish a complete agricultural industry chain

Planting, aquaculture, animal husbandry and other sub-industries establish an organic relationship between the upstream and downstream of the industry within or between the main bodies, so as to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources. The ultimate goal is to establish a complete agro-biological industry chain of "resources-products-wastes-renewable resources".

Leading agricultural enterprises and farmers' professional cooperatives are the core forces to lead, guide and encourage family farms to accept the concept of the model and put it into practice, and the full understanding, implementation and implementation of family farms is the foundation for the smooth operation of the model. Agricultural leading enterprises and cooperatives actively carry out technological innovation, own independent intellectual property rights, and the technical support of scientific research institutions, such as scientific research institutes and universities, to build a new mode of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements with the main body of management as the main body. the new mode of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements with the combination of production, learning and research is an indispensable guarantee.

Extension of agricultural industry chain

The extension of the industrial chain produces the benefit chain

The production and processing links of the agricultural industrial chain continue to extend back and forth, through the management of each link of the industrial chain, aiming at product safety, to achieve the whole process of traceability. Finally, the benefit chain is produced through the extension of the industrial chain, resulting in the magnifying effect of planting, breeding, processing, brand and service benefits.

On the one hand, agricultural leading enterprises play an important role in organizing and coordinating, technical guidance and controlling key processes in the process of production cooperation among various stakeholders; on the other hand, agricultural leading enterprises are closely related to the market. undertake the study of market demand, product research and development, guide the production and processing of the industrial chain, establish sales channels, carry out agricultural marketing activities and other important functions Farmers' professional cooperatives and family farms are responsible for completing the front end of the industrial chain, such as planting and breeding, variety cultivation, efficient fattening, scientific picking, slaughtering and other key processes, which are the important main bodies of agricultural production and provide a basic guarantee for the extension of the industrial chain.

Industrial crossing type

Build a multi-functional industrial system

Guided by consumers' demand for rural leisure tourism and related experience, and based on the concept of linkage and cross-integration of the three industries, an industrial system that spans the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas and integrates production, life, experience and ecological functions is constructed. Finally, it will lead to the expansion of consumer demand related to agricultural versatility, and increase the value-added links and space of agricultural development.

Agricultural leading enterprises play a leading role in the construction of sightseeing industrial parks, the innovation of agricultural mode of production and the development of functional comprehensive business tourism areas. At the same time, leading agricultural enterprises should also seriously study the market and customer demand, carry out market research, seriously analyze customer sources, composition and consumption trend, establish customer information system and customer opinion feedback system, and take customer demand as the guidance. develop marketable personalized experience projects to really enhance the experience value of customers. Farmers' professional cooperatives and family farms also play an important role in building agricultural leisure parks, developing characteristic agriculture, and helping consumers realize agricultural production experiences such as leisure, sightseeing, tasting, picking and so on.

Technology penetration type

Provide technical support and path

High and new technologies represented by modern biotechnology, information technology, and aerospace technology have penetrated and spread into the field of agricultural management, blurring the boundary between agriculture and the secondary and tertiary industries. New business type derived precision agriculture, space agriculture, information agriculture and molecular agriculture. Finally, it makes agricultural production obtain the industrial attribute of "quasi-industry", and provides technical support and path for the development of modern agriculture.

Due to the reasons of the management subject in the aspects of capital, technology and talents, the core subjects in the permeable integration mode at the present stage are mainly the leading enterprises with strong economic and scientific and technological strength. Family farms and professional cooperatives mainly assume the roles of technology users, collaborators and service providers in the practice of this model.

Industrial Integration needs to break through the traditional way

The integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas refers to taking agriculture as the basis and relying on it, extending the agricultural industrial chain by forming new technologies, new business type and new business models, and expanding from primary production to secondary and tertiary industries, so as to achieve the goal of agricultural modernization, the integration of urban and rural development and the increase of farmers' income. The integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas can be based on agriculture and integrate to the processing industry of agricultural products and the service industry in rural areas, such as setting up the processing industry of producing areas, establishing direct sales stores of agricultural products, developing agricultural tourism, etc.; it can also take the way of reverse integration from rural service industry or agricultural products processing industry to agriculture, such as relying on large supermarkets to establish agricultural products processing or raw material bases. No matter which way is adopted, new technology, new business type and new business models must be formed through the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas.

The integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas should break through the traditional mode of agricultural development. On the one hand, agriculture, as an industry, is an important foundation, and the development and growth of the secondary and tertiary industries should be based on the primary industry. On the other hand, the secondary industries such as the processing of agricultural products and the development of characteristic products promote the development of the first-production planting and breeding industry and the three industries of catering, accommodation and leisure tourism. On the other hand, without the development of the modern service industry and leisure tourism of the three industries, the farming industry and agricultural products processing industry will not have the potential to develop. In terms of industrial layout, it is necessary to cultivate and support the agricultural products processing industry as related industries, so as to achieve a breakthrough in the agricultural products processing industry. (Zheng Fengtian, Cui Haixing, Cheng Yu)

Do you choose to expand horizontally or lengthwise?

The integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas includes not only agricultural industrialization, but also a horizontal agricultural industrial chain, which is conducive to greatly expanding the industrial development space of traditional agriculture. This horizontal widening of the agricultural industry chain is the fundamental reason for the organic integration of agriculture and related industries, so as to improve the added value of agricultural products and services. Therefore, if you want to integrate development, you can choose to expand horizontally or lengthwise.

Longitudinal extension fusion

Vertical extension integration is market-oriented, relying on agricultural processing enterprises or cooperative economic organizations, based on the majority of farmers, and by means of agricultural science and technology services. through the prenatal, mid-production, post-natal and many other links in the process of agricultural reproduction into a complete agricultural industrial system, but also to achieve planting and breeding, production, supply and marketing, agro-industrial and commercial vertical integration.

1. The vertical extension integration of agriculture based on small family farms can be driven by different new operators. That is, the agricultural vertical extension integration based on small family farms can be divided into leading enterprise-driven model, cooperative organization-driven model and government-driven model. The vertical integration mode of production, addition and marketing driven by leading enterprises means that leading enterprises sign agricultural product purchase and sale contracts with farmers and farmers' professional cooperatives to form a stable purchase and sale relationship on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. For enterprises, this model relatively stabilizes the production scale and alleviates the problem of standardized production; for farmers, it greatly alleviates the risk of market sales of agricultural products.

two。 The vertical integration of production, addition and marketing driven by spontaneous cooperative organizations mainly occurs in the process of integration of agriculture and producer services. Agricultural productive services include prenatal, mid-production and post-natal services such as agricultural material distribution, pesticide spraying and picking. The success of the vertical integration of production-plus-marketing driven by spontaneous cooperative organizations depends on efficiency, while the specific efficiency depends on the internal organization and management of cooperatives and the fitness of the external environment. Because the farmers' farms that make up agricultural cooperatives have their own specific interests and behaviors, the scale of small farmers is small, the cost of organizational system is very large, and the cooperative tradition and concept of farmers in our country are far inferior to those in Europe and America. Therefore, the cost of this system is very high.

3. The vertical integration development model of production-plus-marketing driven by the government: first, the government organizes the vertical integration development of production-plus-marketing driven by the professional market. Second, local governments consciously promote the development of local brands, such as "one product per village" and "one product per town". In the market economy, the qualitative role is determined by the market, so the vertical integration development model driven by the government only plays a supplementary role.

4. The vertical extension integration of agriculture based on large-scale land transfer refers to the vertical integration from production to processing and marketing, which is generally accompanied by "horizontal integration", that is, the organization of large-scale land circulation. In this way, collective economic organizations generally come forward to lease farmers' contracted land and then lease it to other agricultural operators at a higher price; agricultural operators then hire farmers to carry out production and operation. The main type of agricultural vertical extension integration based on large-scale land transfer is the model of "company + leased farm". This model internalizes the transaction of agricultural products and really forms a seamless connection between small farmers and large markets. to achieve a large-scale, standardized, commercial modern agricultural production, this model has achieved good results in practice and has been welcomed by both enterprises and farmers.

Agricultural multi-functional expansion integration

The multi-functional expansion integration of agriculture is to realize the organic combination and complementarity of its production, life and ecological functions by expanding the functions of agriculture and rural areas, enriching the connotation of science and education, culture, art, participation and experience, and forming the multi-function development integration of agriculture. The most important thing is the integration of agriculture and tourism. This integration combines rural natural scenery, farmers' way of life, agricultural mode of production and tourism to form a new industrial form-tourism agriculture, which can also be called leisure agriculture or sightseeing agriculture. According to the main body of its management, leisure agriculture can be divided into three types: individual peasant household type, cooperative-led type and government-led type.

1. The individual peasant household type is mainly the farm family happy management model. Nongjiale leisure tourism has been developed in recent years in accordance with the new trend of consumption of urban and rural residents, with the main content of "eating farm meals, living in farm houses, visiting farm scenery and enjoying farm music". A new rural industry integrating leisure and sightseeing tourism, appreciating rural customs and experiencing farming civilization. As an important type of leisure agricultural tourism, "Nongjiale" relies on rural natural ecological and environmental resources, rural activities and farmers' living resources, and takes the original rural villages, residential buildings and rural culture as the carrier. with the peasant family as the basic reception unit, farmers provide a way of leisure tourism for urban modern people to return to nature so as to gain physical and mental relaxation and pleasure. To provide urban tourists with agricultural tourism projects with the main content of "eating farm meals, living in farm houses, doing farm work and enjoying farm happiness".

two。 Cooperative-led type means that local cooperatives take the lead to provide agricultural products, materials, technical training and other services for social farmers, guide farmers to operate on a large scale and promote the development of local agricultural leisure tourism at the same time. The development model of leisure agriculture with cooperatives as the main body can open a large gap with individual farmers, and on the basis of large-scale farmland farms, it is more suitable to develop tourism and leisure agriculture.

3. Leisure agriculture is a comprehensive economic phenomenon, which involves many industries such as agriculture, tourism, land and so on, as well as scenic spots, catering, travel agencies and other related enterprises. There is no direct relationship between production and interests, and is not restricted by other related industries and enterprises. The development of government-guided leisure agriculture does not mean that the government directly participates in the development and management of leisure agriculture, but gives full play to the ability of macro-control scientifically on the premise of allocating resources on the basis of the market. give policy, legal and institutional support to the development of leisure agriculture, create a good investment environment and development atmosphere, and standardize the behavior of market subjects.