Apples can not be planted casually, to meet these five environmental requirements!

Apple is one of the common fruits in our life, which is planted in a wide range and a large number of people. However, many apple growers have misunderstandings in the process of apple production, not all places are suitable for growing apples, resulting in the output and quality of apples can not go up. Agrotechnical experts say that if you want to produce apples healthily, you have to meet the following five environmental requirements!

I. temperature requirements

The temperature in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi is suitable for apple cultivation, and the low temperature in winter generally does not cause frost damage to the apple trees, but in the orchards where the apples are flourishing in autumn, there are strips and frozen flowers in winter; when the trees are weak, the severe cold in winter can aggravate the rot in the following year. In orchards where flower buds are prone to frost injury in winter, pruning should be delayed to spring. In the southern areas of Henan, Shandong and Hebei Province, the annual average temperature is higher, the growing period is longer, the branch growth is large, and it can not blossom and bear fruit in time. When planting, the plant row spacing should be large, and the vigorous growth should be controlled moderately in pruning.

Second, precipitation requirements

According to the needs of apples, the annual rainfall of 500mm to 600mm can ensure the normal growth and fruit of apple trees. However, under the conditions of North China, the monthly distribution of rainfall is uneven, and there are often spring and autumn droughts, so irrigation must be considered. High-yield orchards are all orchards with irrigation conditions. The accumulated experience in various places is that irrigation and summer drainage are the key to high yield before flowering, shoot speed in autumn, fruit speed in autumn and recovery period after harvest.

Third, lighting requirements

Apple is a tree species that needs medium amount of light in fruit trees. Sufficient light can ensure the normal growth and fruiting of apples. The sunshine hours in various parts of North China can meet the needs of apple growth and development. Due to too many branches and leaves, fruit trees shade each other and lack of light in dense planting orchards. One of the functions of shaping and pruning is to get good light conditions for all parts of the crown. In particular, it is necessary to improve the light conditions of dense planting garden, canopy closed garden, shady slope garden and canopy inner chamber to ensure sufficient light. Therefore, some investigations and studies believe that the light intensity of the middle and lower part of the crown should not be less than 20% of the natural light intensity.

IV. Wind requirements

The wind has both advantages and disadvantages for apple trees. 2-3 breeze is beneficial to orchard air circulation, enhance photosynthesis, reduce the occurrence of diseases, benefit insect activities and improve pollination effect. But the strong wind can blow off the fruit, so that the crown is inclined and does not open. Leave buds and open branches when pruning, and pay attention to the direction of the wind.

5. Soil requirements

Apple trees need a certain thickness of soil layer, good drainage, rich in organic matter, slightly acidic to neutral soil. The clay is poorly ventilated, there is a cement layer under the topsoil, the thickness of the mountain soil layer is less than 60 cm, the river beach has a thick gravel layer, and the heavy saline-alkali land. In addition to a large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and poor water supply conditions, it is also easy to appear trace element iron, boron and zinc deficiency. Make the fruit trees underdeveloped. Under such soil conditions, we can not rely on shaping and pruning to change the growth and development of apple trees. It is necessary to plant and turn deeply, press the soil, press the sand, increase the application of organic fertilizer and improve the soil in order to make the apple trees grow and develop well and play the role of shaping and pruning.