There is a brilliant way to produce high yield of apple! Have you mastered these necessary planting techniques?

As we all know, scientific and reasonable soil, fertilizer and water management technology is the basis of high quality, high yield, stable yield and longevity of fruit trees in orchards. So how do you do it exactly? What high-yield apple planting techniques need to be mastered?

First, promote root growth and increase absorption function

Strong root is a long-term task in the production of fruit trees. We should start with young trees and promote the formation of strong root groups by loosening soil and improving soil fertility. After entering the full fruit stage, we should focus on protecting the root system and preventing the hairy root from withering, so as to maintain a strong absorption function.

Second, timely replenish fertilizer and increase the supply of nutrition

In the annual growth cycle of fruit trees, the leaves did not grow fully before June, and the photosynthesis ability was weak. The nutrition needed for sprouting, flowering, leaf spreading and branching mainly depended on the storage nutrition of the tree. After June, the new growth stopped slightly, and the leaf area was fully expanded. The nutrition needed for flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion is supplied by the products of leaf photosynthesis, and the tree growth is mainly based on the use of assimilated nutrients in the same year.

In the general apple growth cycle, the early growth stage is mainly vegetative growth and needs more nitrogen. In June, the flower buds begin to differentiate, and the phosphorus uptake increases sharply. In August, the sugar content of fruit expansion growth begins to increase, and a large amount of potassium fertilizer needs to be absorbed. Fertilization management should adapt to this fertilization law. The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the age of the tree and the number of fruit.

Third, reasonable pruning to maintain the fruit of strong branches

1. The amount of falling branches, concentrating the supply of nutrients and reducing the ineffective consumption of nutrients, such as excessive retention of branches per mu, will inevitably lead to the dispersion of nutrients and the weakness of trees. Through pruning, removing redundant and useless branches, concentrated nutrition can ensure that the remaining branches get more nutrition, which is conducive to the growth of branches and promote the rejuvenation of trees. In the full fruit period, the number of branches per mu was controlled at 60-70,000, and all the excess branches were thinned out.

two。 Increase the replacement of new and old branches and maintain strong branches: after entering the full fruit period, the fruiting branches senescence with the extension of the number of years, and the decline of fruiting ability should be properly renewed to the fruiting branches. Because Fuji is sensitive to pruning, the traditional retraction and updating method is not suitable. Fuji will emerge as soon as it shrinks, and the tree potential will be out of balance. Therefore, the renewal of Fuji fruiting branches is mainly replaced, and the fruiting branches are 8-10 years old, and the branches are weak. If the fruit is small, it is necessary to carve buds deeply near the axis of the branch, promote strong and prosperous branches, promote flowers after slow release for one year, maintain the fruit of strong branches, and improve yield and quality.

3. It is necessary to remove slender branches and presbyopia branches in time to reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients and improve the permeability of the tree.

4. Strengthen the transformation of strong and vigorous branches, cultivate drooping fruit-bearing branches, and enhance the fruiting ability.

5. The number of branches is suitable, according to the standard of leaving 1 fruit every 40 cm in large branch axis and 1 fruit in small branch axis every 20 cm, and thinning out excess branches.

Fourth, limit the yield and promote the formation of full flower buds

The main contradiction of tree growth is the contradiction between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, the phenomenon of fruit in big and small years exists objectively, there are more fruit in big year, most of the nutrition in the tree is used for fruit growth, but less nutrients are used for flower bud differentiation, so the flower bud quality is poor, and the fruit is difficult to grow, which is the main reason why the fruit is small. On the contrary, in the small year, because the fruit is limited, the tree body nutrients are sufficient, which is conducive to the formation of full flower buds, the quality of flower buds is good, and the fruit in the coming year is generally larger.

When the apple enters the full fruiting period, it is necessary to strictly control the yield, on the one hand, it can effectively improve the fruit quality, on the other hand, it can prevent the tree potential from weakening. According to the ground conditions, tree potential, and the ability of fertilizer and water supply, the yield per mu should be controlled at 3000-4000 kg. The orchard has deep soil, fertile soil, irrigation conditions, sufficient fertilizer, and tree potential can control the yield at about 4000 kg. Otherwise, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the yield. Control the yield, balance the nutrient supply of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, promote the formation of high-quality flower buds and increase the proportion of large fruit production.

Fifth, increase the storage of nutrients in trees

There are two obvious peaks of fruit growth. In the early stage of fruit growth, the increase of fruit is mainly caused by the increase of the number of cells, and in the later stage of fruit growth, the increase of fruit is mainly caused by the increase of cell volume. However, the number of cells is closely related to the nutrition stored in the tree. In general, if the tree stores more nutrients, the number of cells is more, and the fruit can grow. On the contrary, it is not conducive to fruit expansion. Therefore, increasing the nutrient storage of trees is the key measure to produce large fruits. Taking comprehensive technical measures to increase tree nutrition is the main content of apple tree management in the later stage.

In short, fruit tree management must pay attention to observation and follow the law of fruit tree growth and development. As long as we do a good job in terms of technical points, summarize and find out the problems existing in production in time, the full fruit period will come as scheduled.