Must know! Ten High-yielding planting techniques of Pear trees

Pear is one of the main fruit trees in China, bearing fruit early, generally 2-3 years into production, 6 years can enter the full fruit period, the full fruit period can be stable above 2000kg per mu. The following is to introduce the top 10 high-yield planting techniques of pear trees.

I. Pear Orchard selection

The adaptability of pear is very strong. Gentle slopes and hills with a slope of less than 15 degrees are selected and planted in sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage. The garden was built under the environmental conditions of sufficient light, good air circulation and good drainage, and the planting holes of 60cm were prepared by digging deep, long and wide holes.

2. Selection of seedlings

The excellent seedlings with no disease and insect damage, good root system and plant height above 60cm were selected as seedlings.

Planting density generally the conventional planting density is 4 m × 5 m ~ 2.5 m × 4 m, 33-67 plants per mu, flat land and strong varieties, the density should be sparse, otherwise it should be dense. Huanghua and Cuifu pear varieties with medium growth potential had 56 plants per mu, while those in southern Hunan and Changshilang planted 56 trees per mu. At the same time, due to the weak branching ability, pears can be planted with 110-148 trees per mu. At present, in foreign countries, there are wide rows and narrow hedgerow-shaped close planting of 4 meters × 1 square meters (83 plants per 667 square meters), which can achieve fast yield and high yield, but the planting density should not exceed 210 plants / mu.

3. Planting density

Generally, it is 3 m × 4 mi 5 m, or 2 mi 3 m x 4 m. 44 Mu can be planted per mu, depending on the specific situation.

IV. Planting period

It can be cultivated from defoliation to spring sprouting (from late November to early March), but it is better to be planted in winter (from November to December).

5. Cultivation methods

First, trim and arrange the seedling root system, dig the planting hole around 30cm in the backfilled planting hole, center the seedling, flatten the root system, bury the mixed fertile soil on the root system, and gently lift the seedling to make the root soil fully close, and then step tight with the foot, cover the soil flat, do not bury the grafting interface, make a tree plate with a diameter of 1 meter higher than the planting hole 10cm, and timely pour enough root water, stand up the pillar, and tie up the seedlings.

VI. Fertilizer and water management

Pear trees mainly apply organic fertilizer, which is used as base fertilizer to be ditched under the crown dripping waterline. organic manure is human and animal manure, stable manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, green manure and cake fertilizer, etc. the amount of base fertilizer is equal to 60% of the annual fertilizer amount of pear, the annual amount of basal fertilizer per plant is not less than 100 kg, and combined with calcium superphosphate 11.5 kg or human feces and urine 50100 kg or urea 1 kg.

7. Shaping and pruning

Pear tree pruning can be divided into summer and winter.

1. Summer pruning, also known as growing period pruning, is carried out from March to October in the whole annual growth cycle of pear trees. The pruning methods are as follows: sprouting, coring, ring cutting, pulling branches, supporting branches. Shaping: pear trees are exuberant, dry and tall. Several tree shapes can be used.

The main results are as follows: (1) the evacuation stratification shape: the general trunk height is 10mur50cm, and the number of main branches of the whole tree is 6Mu7, which is arranged in three layers and has an obvious central trunk. There are 4 main branches in the first layer, 2 main branches in the second layer, 2 main branches in the third layer, and the crown is 3.5 meters high.

(2) double-layer short and dry happy shape: it is suitable for the varieties which are in the growth potential of dense planting garden and like light. There are 5 main branches in the whole tree, including 3 main branches in the first layer and 2 main branches in the second layer.

(3) the natural stratification of multi-main branches: the stem height is 50m ~ 60cm, there is a central trunk, the whole tree has 3 layers of 2mer, the first layer has 4 main branches of 3m, the second layer has 3 main branches of 2m, and the third layer has 2 main branches of 1m. The main branches are naturally distributed, staggered up and down, do not overlap into the full fruit period, and then remove the trunk to limit the height of the tree.

2. Winter plastic pruning: that is, from November to February of the following year. Pruning method:

(1) truncation: that is, to cut off part of the new shoots of the year and retract the branches.

(2) thinning: delete a number of branches that are too dense and of no use value.

(3) throwing off: that is, without treatment for the annual long branches, the long release can ease the growth, increase the amount of medium and short branches, benefit the nutrient accumulation of branches and promote the differentiation of flower buds.

8. Protect flowers and fruits

1. Strengthen the management and improve the nutrition level of the tree.

Strengthen the fertilizer and water management of all growth links of pear trees, take measures such as early application of base fertilizer, re-application of fruit-picking fertilizer, comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests, prevention and control of autumn drought, protection of autumn leaves and so on.

2. Configure pollination trees: pear is a self-flowering sterile variety, which must be pollinated by other pear varieties in order to set fruit. In production, pollination trees are generally planted according to the proportion of main varieties and pollination varieties.

3. Artificial pollination should be carried out to protect flowers and fruits. Orchard beekeeping is one of the main means; in addition, pollen can be collected, followed by feather duster pollination, spray pollination, liquid sprayer pollination and so on. If there are many flowers, it should also be combined with thinning flowers and fruits.

9. Fruit bagging

The purpose of fruit bagging is to improve the appearance quality of fruit, reduce pesticide residues and enhance the storability of fruit. Methods: after the pear blossom was carried out for 20 days, it was finished in about 10 days. Generally, each inflorescence was covered with only one fruit, from top to bottom. Hold the paper bag in one hand, grab the fruit handle in the other, gently put the young fruit into the middle of the bag, then squeeze and tie the fruit stalk from both sides to the middle of the bag. Remove the outer layer of the double-layer bag 20 days before harvest. Bag pick-up time is from 10:00 to 4 pm. The pear varieties that do not need to be colored are not bagged.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main diseases and insect pests of pear trees are pear scab, pear red spot, pear black spot and pear ring disease. Control methods: ① agricultural control, timely removal of diseased leaves, shoots, diseased flowers, diseased fruits, etc., to avoid planting hosts with the same disease source around the pear orchard, such as Sabina vulgaris, Sabina vulgaris, juniper and other plants. Strengthen technical measures such as pruning and shaping to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. ② chemical control: 70% mancozeb 1000 times solution, chlorothalonil 1000 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution, 50% carbendazim 800 times solution and so on. The principle of medication is to prescribe the right medicine to the case, to use drugs in the early stage, to use drugs for many times, and to prevent and cure them thoroughly.

The main pests of pear trees are pear heart borer, pear heart borer, pear weevil, fruit nocturnal moth, pear eye longicorn beetle and so on. Prevention and control methods: ① agricultural control, combined with winter garden cleaning, elimination of insect sources. The branches and fruits harmed by insects cut in production are destroyed centrally. Trap and kill adults, using black light or synthetic agents to trap and kill adults. ②, chemical control: available pesticides are 20% butyl EC 3000 times, 90% crystal trichlorfon 500 times, 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000 times, 80% dichlorvos 1000 times. Spray control 10 Mel once every 15 days, and 2 Mel 3 times in a row.