How do you grow litchi? Teach you two super practical litchi planting methods!

Litchi has higher requirements for climate, and management is more difficult, so many people have taken a lot of detours when choosing to plant litchi. So how do you grow litchi? Here are two super practical litchi planting methods to share with you!

I. planting methods of potted litchi

Litchi potted plants are mainly ornamental, which are generally used to embellish and beautify the home environment, and into ordinary families are mainly carried out by dwarfing products and pot management. In terms of plant height, it is often appropriate to take about 100 cm, but in order to control the plant shape and achieve the purpose of dwarfing, it can be managed by reducing the amount of soil in the basin, controlling water and fertilizer and picking buds artificially, so as to achieve the effect of ornamental.

1. Lighting

Litchi has higher requirements for light, even if it is planted in a pot, it generally needs to be placed in a sunny place. Because if there is enough light, the plant can effectively promote photosynthesis, thus ensuring that the plant growth is more robust. And if the flower and fruit stage provides sufficient light, it can promote flowering and fruiting, promote the development of fruit, and then improve the quality of fruit. However, if the light is too strong, water evaporation is also large, so flowering and pollination is also more difficult. However, the fruit hanging period needs sufficient light to improve the fruit color and improve the fruit quality.

2. Temperature

The normal growth of litchi is greatly affected by temperature, especially in the flowering and fruit stage, it is often more sensitive to temperature. The root system of litchi tends to grow most rapidly at the temperature of 23 ℃-26 ℃, while the space temperature reaches more than 16 ℃ to sprout new shoots smoothly, and usually the plants grow fastest at 24 ℃-29 ℃. Litchi blossoms gradually when the temperature reaches 13 ℃, and blossoms most when the temperature reaches 20 ℃-24 ℃. But in order to ensure the normal differentiation of flower buds, the flowering temperature is generally required not to exceed 27 ℃. It can be seen that litchi is a fruit tree that prefers warmth.

3. Watering

Litchi growth needs sufficient water, especially in order to promote the germination of new shoots, it is generally necessary to water once a week, otherwise, in the case of lack of water, plant germination will be affected to a certain extent. When the water is sufficient, it tends to grow luxuriantly, and at the same time, it is more conducive to the growth of mature fruiting branches. After heading, watering should also be increased to promote the growth of flower ears, and the demand during fruit expansion is often more, which can promote the growth and development of fruit. However, if too much watering causes stagnant water in the basin, it is often easy to cause fruit drop, and it may also cause fruit downy mildew.

4. Fertilization

Because the growth of potted litchi young trees is often weak, mainly because the root distribution is relatively poor, and the size of the flowerpot and the amount of soil are limited, so two years before planting in the pot, it is generally based on the application of thin, rotten chicken manure water, bean cake water or compound fertilizer, combined with the application of chemical fertilizer, with the principle of thin fertilizer dormitory. Proper topdressing can accelerate the rapid formation of litchi crown and lay a good foundation for flowering and fruiting.

5. Pruning

The pruning of potted litchi can be carried out in four seasons, but mainly in spring, summer and winter. Spring shearing is usually carried out from March to May of each year; summer shearing is usually carried out from July to August in midsummer; and winter shearing is usually carried out from December to February of the following year. But pruning is generally based on cutting off branches of diseases and insect pests, growing dense branches, and old and weak twigs. Proper pruning can not only promote the germination of new branches, but also maintain a good plant type.

6. Plastic surgery

The shaping of litchi is generally completed within 2-3 years after planting in the upper pot, and the plants with uniform and compact distribution of dwarf stem and main branches are usually cut into a semi-round crown. 3-5 main branches were retained in different directions of potted plants, and 2-3 secondary main branches were cultivated in each main branch, and finally formed the backbone part of potted litchi. When the bifurcation angle between the main branch and the secondary main branch is relatively small, it can be adjusted to the desired angle by means of pull, brace, top and so on, so as to make the plant shape of the pot more beautiful.

7. Diseases and insects

Litchi trees are more vulnerable to anthracnose, bugs, inchworm, leaf gall mosquitoes and other diseases and insect pests, so usually in the maintenance and management period for the plant to provide a good growth atmosphere to avoid infection. Once you suffer from these diseases and insect pests, you should spray them in time. The drugs that can be used are methyl topiramate, flavored amine, Baitai, avermectin, dichlorvos, permethrin, etc., diluted with water in an appropriate proportion and then sprayed.

II. Planting methods of open-air litchi

1. Grafting propagation of seedlings.

Litchi is mostly planted in hills and slopes. The content of organic matter in these soils is usually lower than that in shallow soil layer. If we do not pay attention to soil management, the growth and development of litchi will be seriously affected.

Litchi mycorrhiza is good for air, and loose and aerated soil is beneficial to root growth and development. Young orchards generally loosen soil and weed 5-6 times a year. In summer and autumn, high temperature and humidity weeds grow rapidly, the times of loosening soil and weeding should be more, the ground temperature is lower in spring, and the growth of weeds is less than slow tillage in winter.

The main contents of soil improvement in litchi orchard include deep ripening and thickening soil layer to increase organic matter. Its purpose is to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and improve fertility to create good conditions for root growth. The method of soil improvement is to open a ring-shaped ditch or two flat fertilizer ditches around the original planting hole.

2. Soil management under canopy.

The roots of young litchi trees grow weakly and have mycorrhiza symbiotic with some fungi. Mycorrhizal growth requires a relatively ventilated soil environment. Therefore, the soil around the trunk under litchi canopy must be fertile and loose and rich in organic matter in order to facilitate the formation of mycorrhiza and the rapid development of root system. Therefore, the soil under the canopy should be loosened in time to apply more organic fertilizer ground cover to prevent hardening.

3. Soil management outside the tree plate.

In order to increase economic income, short-term crops should be intercropped in young litchi orchards, vegetables, legume green manure and other dwarf crops should be combined with intercropping to fertilize, irrigate and loosen the soil for many times, and turn the stalks and green manure into the soil after harvest to increase organic matter and improve soil.

The soil around the tree plate must be improved in a planned way in the second and third years after planting. Specific practice in autumn and winter outside the original planting hole to dig 50 cm deep 40-50 cm wide ditch each year pressed into about 100 kg of weeds, leaves or green manure plus 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and then cover the soil. Dig the green fertilizer ditch for the first time on the east and west side of the seedling and the second on the north and south side of the seedling or dig a circle around the crown.

4. Fertilization

Fertilization can be started one month after planting. In two or three years, it is mainly to increase the number of roots, promote shoots and strengthen shoots. To master "two fertilizers for one shoot" or "three fertilizers for one shoot", that is, to apply a large number of elements and high nitrogen fertilizers at the top of shoots to promote the rapid growth of new shoots and long leaves. When the growth of the new shoot basically stopped and the leaf color changed from red to green, the second fertilizer was applied to make the new shoot turn green and thicken the branch rapidly. After the new shoots turn green, the third fertilizer is applied to accelerate the ripening of the new shoots. The root system of young trees has weak ability to absorb fertilizer and can be sprayed with Liguo international litchi foliar fertilizer every year.

The fertilizer and water management of 1-2-year-old young trees after planting could promote the root group and the total leaf area of branches and shoots. After planting, the young litchi trees have few roots and weak absorptive capacity, so it is not suitable for big fertilizer and large water. Fertilization is based on the principle of rotten and high quality, mainly nitrogen combined with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, less but fine, diligent and thin application.

Young trees planted in the same year can apply thin fertilizer and water once or twice a month. The second and third years are mainly to increase the amount of roots to promote shoots and strong shoots. The application of quick-acting fertilizer dominated by nitrogen fertilizer at each shoot tip sprouting promoted the rapid growth of new shoots from red to green, and the application of the second fertilizer promoted the shoot to turn green rapidly to improve photosynthetic efficiency and accumulate nutrients. Fertilizer can also be applied again after the new shoots turn green to speed up the ripening of the new shoots and shorten the shoot period.

Fertilization method for young trees in the first year, it is best to use Liguo international litchi flushing fertilization in the tree plate. After the second year, the soil outside the crown can be applied in shallow ditches and the cover soil should be irrigated in time during drought.

The rapid absorption rate of fertilizer by leaves is high, so extra-root fertilization can be carried out after the new shoots turn green. Spraying leaves with potassium dihydrogen propolis can promote the shoots to mature rapidly. However, the use of concentration should pay special attention to the high concentration is easy to burn leaves. The concentration should be reduced appropriately during high temperature and drought. The weak distribution of young litchi roots is easily affected by the change of topsoil moisture in the case of high temperature and drought, such as too little soil moisture will inhibit shoot germination and growth and even plant death. Therefore, attention should be paid to irrigation and moisturizing in the dry season. During the rainy season, attention should be paid to eliminating stagnant water.

5. Watering

Irrigation and drainage water is an important part of litchi tree. The roots of young litchi are less and shallowly affected by the change of surface soil moisture. Under the condition of dry soil and dry atmosphere, attention should be paid to watering and moisturizing. In order to prevent the sinking of the planting hole in the rainy season, the plant should be raised properly to facilitate the normal growth.

6. Weeding

Weeding and loosening soil help to loosen and aerate the soil and promote the development of root system. Young trees can be combined with inter-crop management to weed and loosen the soil. The soil with high temperature and rainy weeds growing fast in summer and autumn is also easy to harden, the times of weeding and loosening soil should be more, the temperature of winter and spring is low, the number of weeds growing slowly, weeding and loosening soil is less.

The roots of young trees are shallow, so according to the range of loose soil, the soil should be 8-10 cm shallow and can be as deep as 15 cm outside the rhizosphere.

7. Pruning

The shaping and pruning of young litchi trees requires that young trees be able to cultivate a trunk 30-40 cm high. 3-4 evenly distributed main branches make them grow at an appropriate angle, so the objects of pruning are cross branches, overdense branches, weak branchlets and flower spikes that do not let them bear fruit.

Pruning can be done by pruning, coring, pulling, hanging, stretching and other methods. The branches that can be cut but not cut are temporarily retained so that nutrients can be effectively used to expand the crown.

In the past, young litchi trees were rarely pruned, so their crowns were messy and there were too many branches, and the growth of over-fine diseases and insect pests was seriously weak. The overdense shade branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, disease and insect branches, weak branches and withered branches should be pruned once a year in winter so that nutrients can be effectively used to expand the crown and make it ventilated and transparent to reduce diseases and insect pests.

Leave the overgrown and erect branches 20-30 cm for short cutting each time after the new shoots are mature and before the next shoot germinates.

The pruning of young trees should pay attention to the balance of the crown, not high on the one hand, low on the other or wide on the other. If there is a big difference in strength between the backbone branches, the strong can be suppressed and the weak can be supported.

8. Bagging

Conditional orchards can turn red at the base of litchi fruit when medium is about. Ear bagging can prevent insect, disease and bat, moisturize, cool, protect the sun, damage the fruit, reduce evaporation, increase the temperature in the bag, and promote fruit ripening. Can use autocratic fruit bag or transparent plastic film bag or translucent sulfuric acid paper bag garden tube shape about 30-40 cm wide 20-25 cm long and wide according to the ear length and size and make some small holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm to cover the upper part of the ear and tie the lower part slightly. Spray insecticide and disease control pesticide before bagging. When picking the fruit, the ear and the fruit bag are picked together.

Note that litchi prefers high temperature, high humidity and sunny direction, and its heredity requires relatively low temperature during flower bud differentiation, but the minimum temperature will suffer frost damage when the minimum temperature is from-2 to-4 ℃. It is most advantageous to have sunny and warm weather rather than dry and hot during flowering, and too low humidity, rainy, dry and hot weather or strong north wind are disadvantageous to flowering and pollination. Adverse weather during the flowering and fruiting period will result in falling flowers and fruits and even loss of harvest.