Key points of double-season Zizania caduciflora planting techniques: when are planting and harvesting on the market respectively?

Double-season Zizania caduciflora is one of the most important vegetables in China because of its rich nutrition and delicious taste. Many vegetable farmers took a fancy to its good market economy value and began to plant double-season Zizania caduciflora. If we want to plant Zizania caduciflora well and get high yield, we need to know when the planting and harvest of Zizania caduciflora are on the market respectively. What are the key points of planting techniques?

First, planting time of Zizania caduciflora in two seasons

There are two kinds of Zizania caduciflora planted in spring and in summer and autumn. Spring planting is planted in early April and summer and autumn planting in late July. Double-season Zizania caduciflora is not strict in sunshine, and it can be pregnant twice a year. In production, collect small arch shed to send seedlings and raise seedlings. Zizania latifolia was cultivated with mulch in summer and early spring and irrigated with cold water from reservoir. When planting Zizania caduciflora on the mountain above 500 meters above sea level, we should reasonably match the varieties of different mature periods, and adopt measures such as staggered planting period and careful management, so as to achieve the purpose of ripening more than one year, prolonging the supply period and improving economic benefits.

Second, the time of harvest and listing of Zizania caduciflora in double seasons

Zizania latifolia was harvested from September to November, and the yield of Zizania latifolia was 1000-1500 kg per mu in the early stage and 1500-2000 kg per mu in the early and 6 days in the later period. The standard for the maturity of Zizania caduciflora is that the pregnant part of Zizania caduciflora is significantly enlarged, one side of the leaf sheath is split, and the flesh is slightly exposed; the heart leaves gather together, and the two outer leaves close to the stem, similar to the waist shape of the bee. When harvesting, the autumn Zizania latifolia should be wrenched at the bolting pipe, and the summer Zizania latifolia should be pulled up by the roots and cut off the bolting tube. The leaf sheath of Zizania latifolia is protected by the shell, which is beneficial to maintain the white and tender quality, and is convenient for transportation and storage.

Third, the main points of planting techniques of Zizania caduciflora in double seasons.

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Ploughing 17-20 cm deep. The plant of Zizania caduciflora is tall and long, and it needs a large amount of fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Organic fertilizer (human and animal manure, river pond mud and green manure) is used as base fertilizer, calcium superphosphate 50 kg, plant ash 100 kg or compound fertilizer 40-50 kg per mu. After fertilization, ploughing, raking fine, leveling, so that the field flat, mud rotten, fat enough, in order to facilitate rooting and underground stem extension.

2. Seedling raising and planting

Zizania caduciflora was propagated by individual plants. The dead leaves of the aboveground remnant plants were cut off before and after December, the whole pier or split pier was dug up with mud, and planted in a corner of the seedling field or Zizania caduciflora field, in order to manage and promote early development and increase effective tillering. The planting depth should be in line with the soil surface, and shallow water should be irrigated after planting. Topdressing one time in the first ten days of March, 1500 kg of manure per mu. Spring planting in the field can be planted in different piers directly in the early and middle of April, while in autumn planting, the seedlings can continue to be raised in the seedling field, or the selected seeds can be planted in Zizania latifolia seedling field with expanded stems during summer harvest. When the new Zizania caduciflora seedlings grow to more than 20 cm, dig up the Zizania caduciflora pier, cut it longitudinally along the tillers with a knife blade, and divide it into several small piers, each with 2-3 old stems and sound tiller seedlings, planted in the seedling field with a seedling spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. Keep 1.5 cm water layer when planting and 3-6 cm water layer after survival to promote early tillering and rooting. The seedlings of Zizania caduciflora are dug, ramet and planted. The leaf tip was cut off before planting, the plant height was about 30 cm, the plant height was about 1200 piers per mu, and the row spacing was 60 cm × 70 cm. Irrigation shallow water before planting, it is appropriate to plant in the evening or cloudy days. 1-2 plants were planted in each hole. Summer and autumn planting is mostly planted in early rice field, late rice seedling field, rush and early lotus root. It is usually planted before the Beginning of Autumn in late July. Before planting, remove the old leaves at the base and then raise the pier, strip away the seedlings, 1-2 tillers per plant, and cut off the upper leaves. When Zizania latifolia is used as seed, the seed pier is selected according to the seed selection standard during summer harvest. 4-5 species of Zizania latifolia are left at the edge of each kind of pier to make Zizania latifolia mature and promote lateral bud germination, and then the Zizania caduciflora with Zizania latifolia seedlings are planted with 1 plant in each hole.

3. Fertilization technology

In addition to applying sufficient basic fertilizer during soil preparation, topdressing is generally applied once 7-10 days after planting, applying 500kg of human feces and urine or 5kg of urea per mu, and applying 2000 kg of human feces and urine per mu at the early stage of tillering, or 20kg of urea or 60kg of ammonium bicarbonate to promote the tillering and growth of Zizania caduciflora. In the full tillering stage, fertilizer was applied to the fields with insufficient basal fertilizer and poor growth, applying 15 kg urea or 40-50 kg ammonium bicarbonate per mu in late June. After entering the pregnant stage, when more than half of the plants were transferred to the flat culm stage, "Zizania latifolia fertilizer" was applied again, 25003000 kg of human feces and urine, 2530kg of urea, or 7590kg of ammonium bicarbonate, in order to promote pregnancy and increase yield. Summer zizania latifolia topdressing should be early, the Beginning of Spring before the application of the first topdressing, organic fertilizer or human feces and urine 3000m 5000kg, superphosphate 50kg, promote early germination, early tillering. After topdressing the second fertilizer in late March, 3000 kg of human feces and urine are applied per mu, which can be mixed with urea or ammonium bicarbonate if the manure is insufficient, or 40kg of urea or 100kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu.

4. Cultivate the field and peel off the yellow leaves

After planting Zizania latifolia survived or before the old Zizania caduciflora field germinated, the field was cultivated for 2-3 times. When cultivating the field, first put the field water shallow, combined with topdressing, fertilize the field first and then cultivate the field, and no longer cultivate the field after the plant is closed. The yellow leaves of Zizania latifolia planted in spring were peeled 2-3 times, respectively, in mid-late July, early August and mid-late August, and the yellow leaves were stripped 10-15 days after planting in autumn, once every 7-10 days, a total of 2-3 times. The peeled yellow leaves are stepped into the soil as fertilizer. When peeling yellow leaves, we should pay attention to protect the green leaves, do not hurt or less hurt the plants, so as not to affect the pregnancy. Spraying in time to control diseases and insect pests after leaf stripping.

5. Cutting withered leaves, thinning Zizania latifolia seedlings and pressing Zizania caduciflora

Zizania latifolia is not cold-tolerant, and the aboveground parts of the plant withered gradually when the temperature dropped to about 5 ℃. In December, dry field water should be released to keep the soil moist. Cut Zizania caduciflora pier about 5 cm off the ground with a sharp knife, and dig out Zizania caduciflora pier and male Zizania latifolia pier at the same time. After cutting dead leaves, the field will be irrigated with shallow water to keep the plant moist through the winter and promote early germination in the following year. Summer Zizania latifolia needs to be thinned when the seedling is 20-30 cm high in April, so as to keep thin, weak and strong, inside and outside, and pull out the small and dense tillers. There are 25-30 strong seedlings per stump for early-maturing species and about 20 strong seedlings per pier for late-maturing species. Zizania latifolia seedlings have the advantages of early germination, fast growth, early pregnancy, large flesh and so on. When thinning seedlings, the tillers should be scattered around to promote ventilation and light transmission between plants.