Autumn crops will be harvested in 2015, pay attention to management and increase yield

Editor's note: due to the abnormal climate this year, drought and little rain in the early stage, and continuous rain in the later period, the seedling conditions of autumn grain crops, especially dry grain crops, are quite different, which brings great difficulties to crop management and creates conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, which is disadvantageous to crop growth. In view of this actual situation, this issue specially edited a group of late-stage management techniques of autumn grain crops, hoping to provide help to farmers.

Rice plant

Strengthen the integrated prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the later stage

At present, a large area of rice is maturing one after another, and the harvest is about to begin. However, due to inter-regional planting season and other reasons, some rice is still in the heading to full heading stage, and some are in the jointing and booting stage, which is the prone period of rice planthopper, neck blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight and other diseases and insect pests.

According to the investigation, brown planthopper is common in rice, and some of the heavier fields have fallen into the pond. Due to the decrease of drug absorption capacity of rice in the later stage, the effect of spraying internal absorption insecticides on rice planthopper was significantly decreased, so it was best to use poisonous soil method to control rice planthopper, that is, the poisonous soil was diluted with 80% dichlorvos EC, 100 grams of dichlorvos EC and 1.5 kilograms of water per mu, diluted with 25 kilograms of fine soil or sand, scattered in the paddy field, and removed from the field water before spraying poisonous soil.

Bacterial blight of rice is a serious bacterial disease in rice, which can be spread by Rain Water and running water. It has occurred in a large area in low-lying fields, so farmers should be immediately organized to choose drugs such as leaf fumazol, streptomycin sulfate and so on.

In the investigation, it has been found that the larvae of Chilo suppressalis medinalis are harmful in some rice fields, and there are also many adults in rice bushes and weeds. Technicians should strengthen field investigation, timely report the occurrence and damage of the pest in the local area, and organize farmers to control it.

The serious occurrence of panicle neck blast has not been found in the investigation of panicle neck blast, but there has been continuous rainfall for a long time since the middle of July. It is easy to cause damage to panicle neck blast. Farmers should be organized to spray rice at booting and heading stage in sunny days.

In the investigation of sheath blight, sheath blight generally occurred in the field, and some serious areas have infected the panicle. Because the wound caused by brown planthopper feeding and oviposition on rice is conducive to the spread and spread of sheath blight on the plant, the fields with severe sheath blight are also easy to attract brown planthopper to feed, so it is necessary to strengthen the control of sheath blight and rice planthopper at the same time.

According to the current occurrence of brown planthopper, bacterial leaf blight, panicle neck blast, sheath blight and rice leaf roller, it is urgent to strengthen rice field management and control of the above diseases and insect pests. According to the actual situation of local rice production, technical personnel in all villages and towns should continue to strengthen field inspection, keep abreast of the occurrence of local rice diseases and insect pests, and make use of intermittent sunny days to conscientiously organize farmers to carry out pest control work such as rice blast, rice planthopper, white leaf blight, sheath blight, and so on.

The control agents for bacterial leaf blight are leaf blight, agricultural streptomycin, copper succinate, etc.; rice blast, prochloraz, tricyclazole, etc.; rice planthopper, 80% dichlorvos mixed with poisonous soil; sheath blight, propiconazole, Jinggangmycin, etc.; rice stalk leafminer, armyworm, rice leaf roller use methamyl salt, chlorpyrifos, ether permethrin and so on.

In order to improve the control effect, in the process of prevention and control, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. The water must be withdrawn before spraying. two。 Must spray 3 buckets of liquid medicine (45 kg) per mu and spray evenly. When controlling sheath blight, the liquid should be sprayed to the lower part of the plant. 3. In case of rain within three hours after application, supplementary application should be carried out in time after the weather is fine. 4. It is best to exercise unified defense rule in natural villages or areas. 5. The growth of rice with blast and Liriomyza huidobrensis is relatively slow, and the effect of adding rice dwarf Easter King to control is more obvious. The addition of rice dwarf resurrection king to the medicine solution for the control of rice diseases and insect pests in mountain areas can not only improve the control effect, but also be beneficial to rice tillering, rooting and promoting the healthy growth of rice.

Potatoes

Focus on the control of diseases and insect pests

The disease of potato is mainly late blight, which is the main disease of potato. Leaves, stems and potato pieces can all be damaged, and the disease spots turn brown and brittle when dry, and there is no mildew layer. The prevalence of late blight is closely related to climatic conditions and growth stage. Under the condition of continuous rain and suitable temperature, the disease can spread all over the field within 10 days and the loss is serious. The prevention and control measure is that if plants with late blight are found during the growing period, they should be sprayed in time. 1000 times of 50% mancozeb wettable powder or 25% Ruidui wettable powder can be used for control. Once every 7 days, spray 3 times continuously for 4 times.

The main pest of potato is aphid, which is one of the main pests of potato. It has strong fecundity, mainly harms leaves and buds, and is the main carrier of virus disease. There are also 28-star lady beetles and underground pests, the main control methods are as follows: the control of aphids is carried out with 1000 times of 40% omethoate or 1000 times of 10% dimethoate; 28-star lady beetles are sprayed with 80% dipterex or 1000 times of dimethoate, and the control begins as soon as adults are found. The underground pests are mainly mole cricket, grubs and ground tigers. After dissolving with 500 grams of 80% trichlorfon wettable powder and 20 kg of fried cotton cake or vegetable cake or wheat bran, they are used as poison bait and sprinkled on the ground near the roots of seedlings in the evening, or phoxim granule 812 powder is applied to the soil for control.

soybean

More fertilizer and water are needed in the middle and later stages.

Appropriate topdressing of flower and pod fertilizer from flowering to grain filling stage is the peak period of fertilizer demand, and fertilizer topdressing of 15kg diammonium per mu can achieve obvious yield-increasing effect.

If there is a trend of prosperous growth, foliar spraying of 15% paclobutrazol 40 kg / mu plus 50 kg water per mu or 15 ml of 25% zhuangsu water agent to 50 kg water at the early flowering stage. If there is still a prosperous growth in the full flowering period, the prosperity can be controlled for the second time.

Drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant soybean should be watered in time from early flowering to pod filling stage in case of drought and pay attention to drainage in case of waterlogging to avoid aggravating the disease.

Except for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, boron, zinc and molybdenum are indispensable trace elements in soybean by spraying foliar fertilizer. Therefore, spraying multi-element compound nutrient solution from flowering to grain filling stage of soybean has the effect of increasing pod and grain and increasing yield. The method is as follows: 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 grams of zinc phosphate, 50 grams of borax (dissolved in hot water first) and 25 grams of ammonium molybdate per mu, stirring fully, adding 50 kilograms of water, spraying evenly on the front and back sides of soybean leaves, spraying 2 times for 3 times.

Control of diseases and insect pests the main control of soybean pests: 1. Soybean heart borer sprays 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1500 times; 2, bean moth uses 20% fenvalerate EC 2500 times 3000 times; 3, pod borer sprays 1000 times with 50% fenitrothion EC. The main control of soybean diseases: grey spot, spray with 500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 500 times of 50% thiophanate wettable powder.

Corn

Chase good fertilizer and pour good water

In order to keep the function of leaves exuberant and prevent premature senescence, nitrogen fertilizer should be added in time, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea can also be used for foliar topdressing to maintain and prolong the functional time of leaves in the middle, lower parts and above panicles, produce more compounds, promote grain formation, and make grains full and 1000-grain weight increased; foliar spraying 1.5 kg of dihydrogen phosphate and 100 kg of water per mu.

Irrigated corn needs more water from heading to milking stage, and some droughts in this period should be irrigated in time to improve seed setting rate, promote water movement and improve grain plumpness.

Interlaced castration in time can increase ear length and panicle weight, increase double panicle rate, plant relatively shorter, improve field ventilation and light transmission, increase photosynthetic productivity and increase yield.

Pest control 1. Corn aphids: spray with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 / 2500 times or 3% acetamiprid EC 2000 / 2500 times. two。 Corn borer: spray with 1.8% avermectin EC 20ml 40ml or 20% phoxim EC 200ml 250ml, spray 40kg water. 3. Corn leaf spot: spray with 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate or 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil powder. 4. Corn rust: 20% triadimefon EC 75g 100ml or 12.5% uniconazole wettable powder 60g / mu, spray 30kg / mu of water.