Practical information! Five main cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse

Cucumber in greenhouse has the characteristic of delayed cultivation, which can make cucumber appear on the market in off-season, and the social and economic benefits are very significant. Here are five key cultivation techniques for greenhouse cucumbers.

1. Variety selection

Cultivated varieties in early spring should choose early maturity, cold resistance, fruit development fast varieties.

II. Cultivate strong seedlings

Cucumber seeds should be disinfected before sowing, usually by soaking in warm soup. Cucumber seeds are soaked in hot water at 55℃ for 10~15 minutes. When the water temperature drops to 30℃, stop stirring, continue to soak for 4~6 hours, wrap it with wet gauze for germination, and the germination temperature is generally 28~30℃.

Early spring seedling age in about 35 days, before planting full low-temperature exercise, with nutrition bowl or plug seedling. (In autumn, the method of direct seeding can be adopted for late cultivation.) The standard of strong seedling is: 3~4 true leaves, large leaves, dark green, sound cotyledons, thick and plump, plant height of about 15 cm, hypocotyls no more than 6 cm, stem diameter 5~6 mm, no diseases and insect pests.)

III. Timely planting

Cover the greenhouse film in advance, raise the temperature, cover the greenhouse film 20~30 days before planting, disinfect the greenhouse after the last crop, spray the column and greenhouse film with sodium phosphate or sodium hypochlorite, or fumigate with chlorothalonil and other smoke agents. After thawing, tilling the land in time and applying sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, high ridge cultivation and covering plastic film. Under the premise of ensuring that the seedlings are not frozen, the ground temperature of 10 cm in the shed is greater than 12℃, and the lowest night temperature is not lower than 5℃. Moderate density planting, about 4000 plants per mu, moderate shallow planting.

IV. Field management

1. Temperature management: Cucumber cultivated in early spring should be kept warm and cold in the early stage. Generally, it should not be released before the seedling stage. Attention should be paid to keeping the night temperature above 15℃. It takes about 7 days for the seedling stage to take various measures to improve the night temperature and promote the seedling stage. It takes about 20 days from slow seedling to root melon sitting stage. The temperature should be properly controlled, 20~25℃ in the daytime and 12~16℃ at night to prevent excessive growth. The temperature should be controlled appropriately during the full fruiting period, 25~30℃ in the daytime and 16~18℃ at night.

2. Fertilizer and water management and intertillage: the ground temperature of early spring cultivation is relatively low, the planting water should be appropriately reduced, the intertillage should be carried out after the seedling water is slowed down, and the seedlings should be properly squatted. After root melon harvest, water every 5 days, watering is best carried out in the morning of sunny day, watering once after rainstorm in summer, timely ventilation after watering to reduce the air humidity in the shed.

From planting to root melon harvesting, topdressing can be applied 1~2 times, and once every 7~10 days in the peak period of fruit setting. Diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate are used alternately and can be applied with watering.

3. Hanging vine and pruning: When cucumber grows to 5 nodes, hang seedlings or insert them in time, and then circle seedlings or tie seedlings once every 2~3 days, and remove all lateral branches and tendrils in time. When melon seedlings approach the shed film, pinch or twist the tips to control growth and beat down the diseased old leaves at the lower part in time.

V. Pest control

The main diseases are cucumber downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc., pests are aphids, whiteflies, liriomyza, etc. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, improve disease resistance of plants, pay attention to ventilation, light transmission and humidity reduction in sheds to avoid diseases and insect pests. Effective chemical control measures should be taken at the initial stage of pest occurrence to prolong the harvest period and achieve the goal of increasing yield and income.

1, downy mildew control: can use 72.2% Pu Li Ke aqueous solution 800 times, or 58% Lei Duo Mi wet powder 500 times, or 64% anti alum wet powder 400 times spray, spray once every 7~10 days, even prevent 2~3 times. If the humidity of the shed is large, 4 ~ 5% chlorothalonil aerosol can be used, 250 grams per mu, 4~5 points in the shed, dark fire ignition, closed shed fumigation overnight, or 5% chlorothalonil dust 1000 grams per mu, closed shed overnight, morning ventilation, once every 7 days.

2. Powdery mildew control: in order to reduce the humidity of the shed, use 250g of 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent per mu, light it in several places, and fumigate for one night; spray 20% triadimefon 2000 times solution at the initial stage of disease, or spray 200 times solution of 2% Wuyimycin aqueous solution, 200 times solution of 20% polystatin, 2000 times solution of 12.5% Subaoli wettable powder, etc. Spraying once every 7 days, continuous control 2~3 times.

3. Control of Liriomyza: Yellow plate can be used to trap adults and pesticide control measures, with 1.8% Aifuding EC 3000 times solution, or with 20% Panqianjing 1500 times solution spray control, once every 7 days, continuous spray 3~4 times.

4, aphid, whitefly control: can take yellow board trap adults and chemical control measures combined, with 30% aphid a fumigation agent, 420 grams per mu for smoke control, or 25% Acta water dispersant 3000 times spray control, once every 7 days, for 3~4 times, the control effect is better.