How to cultivate Ginkgo biloba? Do you know these technical and management points?

Ginkgo biloba, also known as ginkgo, duck foot tree, Gongsun tree, is a living fossil of plants left over from ancient times. Its trunk is tall and straight, the leaves are fan-shaped, it is regarded as the main tree species of afforestation in many places, and it is also widely used in urban greening and courtyard greening. So how to cultivate ginkgo biloba? Do you know these technical and management points?

I. key points of cultivation techniques of Ginkgo biloba

1. Select seedlings

If you want to plant a healthy ginkgo tree, you must first choose good seedlings. It is usually necessary to choose ginkgo seedlings with more developed roots. Generally speaking, the seedlings of ginkgo biloba with white xylem and red root bark are healthier. If the root system is black or the root system turns black, it indicates that the seedling is dead. If ginkgo trees are used as street trees, seedlings and males should be selected, and ginkgo seedlings with straight trunks and branches of about 3m should be selected.

2. Planting

Before planting, to choose a more fertile soil, usually 1% to 3% organic matter content and good permeability of the soil is the best. For ginkgo trees, it is easier to survive before sprouting in early spring, because the temperature in early spring is neither high nor very low, which provides natural conditions for the growth of ginkgo trees. Ginkgo trees are usually cultivated with soil balls, but deep buried in the soil is not easy to root, so it is more suitable for shallow soil cultivation, the planting depth is generally higher than the original seedling rhizosphere line and horizon 1~2cm is the best.

3. Watering

In the early stage of ginkgo tree cultivation, water is watered once every 5 to 7 days, but it is not necessary to water ginkgo trees regularly after they survive. The first watering is usually carried out after soil thawing and before germination, and the second watering is carried out when the weather is relatively dry. Although ginkgo trees are not afraid of drought, they are afraid of moisture. If there is too much water, it will invade the root of the ginkgo tree, causing stagnant water in the root, which may seriously lead to root death. But in all the ginkgo trees, there will inevitably be fake death. In other words, after some ginkgo trees drown, even if the roots die, the leaves will expand and sprout in the early spring of the second year, but the leaves will become very small. When the nutrients in the ginkgo tree are exhausted, it will no longer sprout, which is the phenomenon of false death of the ginkgo tree. It should be noted that some ginkgo trees will not germinate in the first year of cultivation, so they should not be regarded as dead, but are very similar to the phenomenon of fake death and will not germinate until the second or third year, which is a sign of slow growth of ginkgo trees. it's a normal phenomenon.

4. Pruning, ploughing and pest control

First of all, the ginkgo tree can be pruned before transplanting, and some overdense branches and leaves and branches of diseases and insects can be cut off at the same time, so that there is no need to prune again in the growth process of ginkgo tree. Secondly, in the process of maintenance, it is necessary to plough in time to avoid the growth of weeds, which is conducive to the growth of trees. At the same time, improve the aeration conditions of the soil, promote root growth, and sprout new branches quickly. Finally, compared with other trees, ginkgo trees have few diseases and insect pests, and only when the summer temperature is relatively high, the stems are more likely to be invaded by diseases and insect pests, and rot is easy to occur after rain. therefore, a shade can be built for ginkgo trees in summer to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

II. Management technology of ginkgo trees

1. Shaping and pruning

Pruning ginkgo trees can promote the rapid growth and development of ginkgo trees. Therefore, the root sprouts and some diseased plants should be cut off regularly every year, and nutrients should be concentrated on the main branches, so that the ginkgo trees can maintain a good tree shape and ensure that the trees are tall and straight, so as to make the ginkgo trees show a more beautiful landscape effect as a street tree.

2. Artificial pollination

Ginkgo biloba is a wind-pollinated plant, so it needs artificial pollination. The simplest method of artificial pollination is to cut off the branches of male flowers that are about to bloom on other trees and hang them in the limelight. Another method is artificial liquid pollination. After picking fresh male flowers, add water, filter out the residue, and then add 1% sucrose and 0.2% borax to the pollen for artificial liquid pollination. The best time for artificial pollination is usually when a small bead appears on the mouth of the pistil plant, and artificial pollination is generally used to remedy the bad weather such as rain and fog during the flowering period.

3. Fertilization management

Ginkgo biloba tree grows slowly. Strengthening fertilization management can accelerate its growth. In general, in addition to applying base fertilizer according to the growth of ginkgo trees, topdressing should be applied once or twice before sprouting to promote shoot growth, and the general plant should apply compound fertilizer 0.8~1.0kg.

III. Pest control

In the process of ginkgo tree growth, the most common diseases are leaf blight and dry rot, both of which are fungal diseases. For the prevention and control of leaf blight, 25% carbendazim 500-fold solution and 70% methyl topiramate 600-fold solution were evenly sprayed two or three times in the early stage of seedling growth, and the fallen leaves were removed in time. For dry rot, the whole tree can be sprayed with 800 times of Liangguoan liquid. For ginkgo trees which suffer from dry rot every year, it is necessary to spray the whole plant and irrigate the whole plant after diluting the virus Ⅱ No. 300 to 400 times.

The most common pests of ginkgo trees are the leaf roll moth and thrips. For the leaf roll moth, the insect buds and rolled leaves can be removed manually to control the harm, and the adults can be trapped and killed by spraying 1000 times of phoxim EC. For thrips, 2.5% dimethoate EC 2000 times or 40% dimethoate or omethoate EC 1000-1500 times can be sprayed in the early growth stage of ginkgo trees.

In a word, if we want to ensure the normal growth and future income of ginkgo trees, we must pay attention to the relevant management work. Only in this way can we ensure a higher survival rate of ginkgo trees.