What about the split fruit of the grapes in autumn? Don't worry, try these ways!

Grape fruit cracking mainly occurs in the near ripening period of berries, which is characterized by pericarp cracking, loss of commercial value, and fruit juice overflow, which is easy to cause the spread of diseases and insect pests and further increase the loss. What about the split fruit of autumn grapes? Maybe the following ways can help you!

First, the cause of grape fruit cracking

1. Variety characteristics

Varieties with tight grain arrangement, thin and crisp pericarp, easy to crack fruit, such as Zhana, Xiangfei, Zhengzhou early jade, Victoria, Jufeng and so on.

2. Rapid change of soil moisture.

When the grape is nearly ripe, it may cause fruit cracking due to drastic changes in soil moisture and air humidity. If the early stage of drought, grape pulp cells have been in a state of thirst, near maturity, continuous heavy rain, soil moisture increased sharply, the root system absorbed a lot of water, a large amount of water was transported to the fruit grains through the fruit brush, resulting in accelerated physiological activity and division of pulp cells around the fruit brush, while the pulp cells near the epidermis moved slowly, and the swelling pressure of fruit grains gradually increased, resulting in fruit cracking. Therefore, the fruit cracking occurs seriously if the orchard has poor irrigation conditions, low-lying terrain, heavy soil viscosity and poor drainage.

3. Fruit extrusion

Because the fruit setting is good, the large ear is not thinning good fruit, the amount of fruit retained is too much, and the fruit grain is too close. In the process of fruit expansion, the fruit grains squeeze and deform each other, resulting in fruit cracking.

4. The method of summer cutting is unreasonable.

When many Portuguese farmers cut their hearts in summer, in order to save time and effort, they broke off as soon as they saw the ends, and some even designed a height to implement the method of "shaving their heads." this is wrong. This not only reduces the number of effective functional leaves, weakens transpiration, but also affects the orderly growth of new shoots, weakens the ability of new shoots to regulate fertilizer and water, and aggravates cracks.

5. Diseases of fruit grains or improper spraying

Fruit diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew and so on are easy to damage the pericarp. If the fruit is not prevented and treated in time, the pulp will squeeze the pericarp and break when the fruit is enlarged.

If continuous spraying of bacteria and other pesticides to control grape diseases will reduce transpiration, a large amount of water in the tree will flow to the fruit, so that the swelling pressure of the fruit will increase, which is most likely to cause fruit cracking.

Some people use ethephon and abscisic acid to accelerate ripening, and it often leads to fruit cracking if the concentration of spraying is too high or too early.

6. Improper fertilization

Improper fertilization leads to the loss of calcium, boron, potassium and other elements in the soil, which will lead to fruit cracking. If the berries already have a tendency to crack, the lack of nutrients will lead to more cracking.

II. Measures for the treatment of grape fruit cracking

1. Select varieties with resistance to cracking.

Select varieties that are resistant to cracking to fundamentally reduce the occurrence of cracking, such as Red Earth, Summer Black, Beauty finger and Autumn Black.

2. Keep the soil moisture balance.

Adjust the soil moisture to ensure that there is no shortage of water in drought and no stagnant water in waterlogging. To reduce the difference of soil dryness and humidity, when the soil is dry in the later stage of fruit growth, grape roots should be irrigated in time to prevent flood irrigation. After the fruit begins to color, in case of drought, it can be watered every 7-10 days, and the soil water content can be maintained at 60%-70%, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of fruit cracking.

3. Rational fertilization and pesticide application

Heavy application of organic fertilizer, fertilization according to different soil types, reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, must pay attention to spraying calcium, boron, potassium and other nutrient elements, foliar spraying, quick effect and good effect.

At the initial stage of the disease, medicament was used to prevent the disease. The diseased fruit was first cut off, and then sprayed to prevent and cure the disease. The antiseptic should not be used more than 3 times in a year. The appropriate concentration of ethephon for ripening was 500 mg / kg. Abscisic acid is 100 mg / kg, and must be used when the fruit is colored by 5% and 10%, to prevent fruit cracking.

In addition to the above measures, 500 mg / kg rare earth can be used in the second fruit expansion period, spraying the ear once every 7-10 days, twice in a row. In the preparation, the water was adjusted into a slight acid solution with vinegar (pH value 5-6), and then rare earths were added and sprayed on a cool sunny day to prevent fruit cracking.

4. Thinning fruit, branches and ears

Keep the tree body stable and suitable fruit setting amount, so as to ensure that the ear can get enough water and nutrients. It is generally appropriate to produce 2500-3000 kg per mu.

The distance between shoots is about 10 cm, the ratio of leaf to fruit is 15: 20 ∶ 1, the strong branch leaves 2 ears, the middle branch leaves 1 ear, and the weak branch leaves no ear. Go to the accessory ear in time, pinch the ear tip, so that the ear size is moderate.