Practical information! Autumn and winter vegetable cultivation techniques and selection methods, quick collection!

Autumn and winter and overwintering stubble are not only the main stubble in many vegetable planting bases, but also the most difficult to manage, so this crop of vegetables especially need to choose excellent seedlings. In order to improve the seedling level of growers, the following is to introduce the majority of vegetable farmers from the aspects of how to select seeds, matters needing attention when purchasing seeds, cultivation skills and so on.

01. What are the characteristics of fine seedlings?

1. The variety is excellent

Suitable for local facilities (heat preservation capacity, lighting capacity, etc.), soil (soil type, soil fertility, pH value, salinity, etc.), climate (rain and snow weather, wind, temperature) and so on.

two。 Good stress resistance

Adversity conditions include extremely low temperature, long-term overcast and rain, light weather, soil salinization and other factors that are not suitable for vegetable growth.

3. Healthy and strong

Good seedlings require strong stems, complete cotyledons, thick green leaves and strong growth; the root system is tender and dense, the root hair is dense, and the root system tightly wraps the matrix to form a complete soil lump; there are no yellow leaves, no diseases and insect pests, and the whole plate of seedlings are neat and consistent.

02. How to select good seedlings to avoid being deceived?

1. Determine the seedlings in advance

Many growers like to buy seedlings only when they like to plant, but they are often unable to buy strong seedlings of the right age.

two。 Purchase seedlings from normal channels

At present, in order to reduce costs, some unscrupulous manufacturers use inferior seed scions, rootstocks and even fake and shoddy products, and some manufacturers adjust their seedlings in different places regardless of whether the varieties are adapted or not, and even the seedlings are not quarantined and sold directly to growers.

3. Sign the contract carefully

Keep the documents so that there is evidence to check when there are problems. Choose a seedling company with strong strength and good reputation. Good seedling company has excellent germplasm resources, advanced seedling facilities, equipment, mature seedling technology, good reputation, so it can ensure the quality of seedlings to the greatest extent.

03. Some matters needing attention before cultivation

1. Rational arrangement of planting stubble

Vegetables in open field should not only avoid meteorological disasters and the period of high incidence of diseases and insect pests, but also prevent the over-concentration of sowing time, affecting the reasonable arrangement of labor and employment, resulting in an oversupply of centralized harvest.

Facility vegetables should pay attention to the reasonable arrangement of autumn delayed cultivation, autumn and winter stubble production and variety structure according to the changing law of vegetable price in the target market, the local climate characteristics of winter and spring and the structure and performance of different greenhouses.

two。 Carry out intensive seedling raising

The early stage of autumn and winter vegetable production is at the turn of summer and autumn, with high incidence of meteorological disasters and diseases and insect pests. Intensive seedling cultivation with protective facilities can effectively resist disasters and reduce disasters, save seeds, save labor costs, and ensure planting quality.

04. In cultivation management, you need to pay attention to these.

1. Light management

Active measures should be taken to increase the light in the facility, clean the film surface, pay attention to timely fall of vines and remove diseased leaves and old leaves, increase ventilation and light transmission, and artificial light supplement can be carried out if conditions permit.

two。 Temperature management

In late autumn and early winter, the climate is not too cold, facility vegetables should prevent high temperature and heat damage during the day and high temperature too long at night. The uncovering time of the thermal insulation cover of the solar greenhouse in winter should be strictly controlled. After rolling up the thermal insulation cover in the morning, the indoor temperature did not drop obviously as the appropriate time; in the afternoon, when the indoor temperature dropped to 20 ℃, it was the appropriate time to put down the thermal insulation cover to reduce the heat loss at night as much as possible.

3. Fertilizer and water management

Before the Autumn Equinox, it was necessary to water and fertilize properly to promote the early development and rapid growth of seedlings. The Autumn Equinox to Cold Dew, it is necessary to increase the supply of fertilizer and water to promote high quality and high yield. After Cold Dew, it is necessary to stop fertilization and properly control watering, but the growth of fruits and vegetables is still exuberant after autumn and autumn, winter and spring, so it is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of fertilizer and water. After the beginning of winter, fertilizer and water should be strictly controlled, especially during the period from heavy snow to Greater Cold, we should insist on no drought and no watering, choose to pour small water on a sunny morning just after the cold current, the water temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃, and topdressing should be as little as possible. After the weather turns warm in spring, appropriately increase the supply of water and fertilizer.

4. Gas management

For protected vegetables with insufficient application of organic fertilizer or soilless cultivation, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer should be added to make the concentration of carbon dioxide in the facility reach an appropriate level. In severe winter, the ventilation of protected cultivation is small, so it is not suitable to apply a large amount of urea and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to avoid element deficiency and ammonia poisoning. At the same time, when the temperature is high at noon, we should pay attention to ventilation and remove harmful gases in the protected area.

5. Plant adjustment

The planting density of protected fruits and vegetables is generally significantly higher than that in the open field, so plant adjustment must be strengthened to prevent shading and shading. In areas with high frequency of continuous overcast, rainy and snowy haze weather in winter, protected vegetables should pay attention to proper flower and fruit thinning and timely early harvest to prevent premature senescence due to heavy burden.

05. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. Agronomic prevention and control

It is mainly based on the comprehensive application of distant rotation, flood-drought rotation, grafting for root replacement, strong seedlings of suitable age, drip irrigation under plastic film, coordinated control of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, as well as the application of microbial fertilizer and amino acid oligosaccharides to increase root activity. agronomic control measures such as improving plant stress resistance.

two。 Physical prevention and control

Long-term droplet anti-fog film, rain shelter, sunshade net and insect prevention net were used to prevent diseases and insect pests, and yellow-blue board and frequency vibration insecticidal lamp were used to trap and kill aphids, whitefly, thrips and Lepidoptera pests. Ground cover, high temperature and bulging shed, space electric field and measures to strengthen heat storage, heat preservation, ventilation and dehumidification were used to control low temperature and high humidity diseases. Actively demonstrate and promote biological food attractants. 26.9% quartz water agent (silicon shark) can also be sprayed to form a silicon dioxide crystal layer on the surface of vegetables as a physical barrier to effectively prevent bacteria from invading and harming. Fields with serious grass damage should be covered with black, black-and-white double-sided and silver-black double-sided plastic film for weeding. Actively demonstrate and promote ozone biological waste treatment and ozone disinfection and disease prevention technology and equipment.

3. Biological prevention and control

Demonstration and promotion of aphid wasps in accordance with local conditions to control greenhouse whitefly, applied attractants, biological pesticides and other measures to control diseases and insect pests.

4. Rational application of chemical prevention and control technology

Including the selection of pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period, pesticide application with high atomization degree and timely symptomatic use, prohibition of the use of pesticides with high toxicity and long residual period, and strict safety interval.

5. Soil disinfection and remediation technology

The soil was treated with cotton or lime nitrogen, the agricultural high barrier membrane was covered to control soil-borne diseases, and microbial agents or biological fertilizer were used to repair the soil ecosystem. Increase the application of straw and straw fertilizer, combined with the use of soil regulators to improve the level of soil fertility.