Do a good job of rape planting and cultivation management, but also afraid of high yield!

Rape is also called Brassica campestris, Sophora alopecuroides, Carex thunbergii, and Laver. Buddha cuisine is mainly distributed in Anhui, Henan and other places. The following is to introduce the planting and cultivation management methods of rape, do well these are afraid that your rape is not high-yielding!

1. Land selection and preparation

Before sowing, intensive cultivation is required, ditching, leveling, soil moisture division, soil moisture sowing, soil moisture surface leveling, soil moisture width 130~200cm, ditch width 20cm, ditch depth 30cm are appropriate. The soil is cold soaked, the texture is heavy, the surface of soil moisture should be narrow and the ditch should be deep; on the contrary, it should be wide and shallow.

2. Selection of improved varieties

Rapeseed varieties with disease resistance and high yield were selected to adapt to the natural environmental conditions and farming system of the region.

3. Sowing at the right time and reasonable close planting

(1) sowing time: the double-low rape varieties of Brassica napus should be sowed in October every year, and other rape varieties in other areas should be operated according to the actual situation.

(2) sowing method: generally adopt the way of sowing in the pond or opening the ditch to sow the seed, the seed should drop evenly, the seed is about 2cm in the soil, sow 8-10 seeds in each pond, the distance between the pond is 30-35cm, the pond should be uniform and the depth is the same.

(3) planting density: generally, according to the characteristics of varieties, water and fertilizer conditions and cultivation methods, the planting density of Brassica napus should be 2.0-30000 plants per mu. Generally, 10,000 ponds are sown per mu and 3 seedlings are left in each pond.

4. Scientific fertilization

(1) Base fertilizer: organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer when turning pear fields, generally applying 2500-3000 kg / mu, potassium sulfate (50%) 10kg / mu, boron fertilizer 1.0kg / mu.

(2) topdressing: boron-deficient soil should be sprayed with 0.1% Mel 0.2% borax aqueous solution at seedling stage and bud stage) for 2-4 times.

5. Field management

(1) replenish seedlings and seedlings in time. After sowing rape, the seedlings generally emerge in 7-9 days, and the seedlings (seeds) should be filled in time or replenished with water. Rape seedlings should be in time. The first seedling was used for 1-2 true leaves, the second seedling was used for 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings were fixed at 5-leaf stage, and 3 seedlings were left in each pond.

In addition, a small area of rape can be planted by artificial sowing, if there is a large area of planting can go to the agricultural machinery market to buy a professional rape seeder to sow, so labor-saving and fast!

(2) Irrigation principle: according to soil moisture and water requirement characteristics of rape, irrigation should be carried out within 2 days after sowing, 5-leaf stage, bud bolting stage and flowering stage.

(3) weeding in the field. Ploughing once after interseedling, the depth of intertillage should not be too deep, 3-5cm can be, and only shallow hoe between rows. After the seedlings were fixed, the depth of intertillage could be deepened to 7-9cm.

6. Green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Agricultural control, physical control, biological control and so on can be used. For example, the main diseases of open-field rape in spring stubble are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, downy mildew, black rot and so on. To control diseases, diseased leaves of old leaves should be removed in time, and pesticides can be used to control diseased leaves when the rate of diseased leaves reaches more than 10%.

(1) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: this disease is mainly harmful to stems, leaves, flowers and pods. The disease spot on the stem is light brown at first, slightly sunken, and then turns gray. When the humidity is high, the disease part becomes soft and rotten, and the white floc (mycelium of bacteria) grows on the surface. The cortical layer of the diseased stem decayed, and the pith mostly disappeared into a cavity, with large black sclerotia shaped like mouse dung, and sometimes sclerotia on the stem surface. The disease began to occur at the flowering stage of rapeseed and was harmful to the mature stage. As a result, the plant withered early, the seed wrinkled, and the yield decreased.

(2) downy mildew of rapeseed: this disease can occur in the whole growth period of rape, resulting in withered leaves and swollen inflorescences, which can damage leaves, stems, flowers and pods. The symptom is that the disease spot which is not obvious in light yellow on the front of the injured leaf is polygonal, and the white frost mold grows on the disease part of the leaf back. The yield and quality of rapeseed decreased due to poor fruiting or poor fruiting.

(3) rape mosaic disease: the symptom of rape mosaic disease is characterized by bright veins on the tender leaves, all or part of the leaf veins are light yellow (slightly transparent to light), followed by mosaic symptoms (that is, yellow-green and thick green). A few leaves become deformed, the plants are dwarfed, the fruit is less, and the sterile grains are increased. The disease is more serious, the whole plant dwarf deformity. Waterlogged, brown to dark brown dead stripes are often produced on the stem. The diseased pods are bent and the seriously diseased plants often die at an early stage.

7. Timely harvest

From 35 to 40 days after the final flowering of rape, 70% of 80% of the pods in the whole day were yellow, the loquat color in the middle and lower part of the main inflorescence and the inherent color of the seed coat were the best harvest time.

The above introduction is for reference only. the actual situation in different regions is different, and the selection of sowing time and varieties may be slightly different, which should be adjusted according to the actual situation.