We should not know the six key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of grape.

Grape is a favorite fruit for many people, with many varieties and rich nutritional value. Autumn grapes are cheap, sweet and juicy. If you want to eat more delicious grapes, you need to plant grapes scientifically. It is necessary to know the six key points of high-yield cultivation techniques for grapes.

1. Key points of grape cultivation techniques

1. Variety selection

Generally choose precocious varieties which are suitable for short branch pruning, low cold requirement, easy formation of flower buds, high temperature and high humidity in greenhouse, such as Victoria, Fujiminori, Golden finger, Seedless White Chicken Heart, Red Seedless and so on.

2. Selection of garden plot and cultivation methods.

In order to facilitate daylighting, the garden should be leeward to the sun, no tall shelter, the soil should be well breathable sandy loam soil, the terrain is flat. Never build a garden in heavily saline-alkali land, low-lying land and continuous cropping land. Cultivation methods include plastic greenhouse and solar greenhouse, and plastic greenhouse is the main cultivation method in Hengshui area.

3. Shaping and pruning

Scaffolding or hedge is generally used, and the pruning time is from the fallen leaves to before the bleeding, that is, from late November to the end of January of the following year. There were 3600 fruiting mother branches per mu after winter pruning, and the retention of branches and ears was adjusted by wiping buds and fixing shoots. As a result, 10 leaves were extracted from the branches, 15 from the vegetative branches, 8 from the top accessory shoots of the vegetative branches, and 5 from the other auxiliary shoots. Ring cutting before and after flowering can increase fruit setting rate, and ring cutting before fruit ripening and coloring can promote fruit ripening and improve fruit quality, and it is suitable for ring cutting before fruit ripening 15 days before harvest.

4. Flower and fruit management

Twist the upper part of the inflorescence 8-10 days before flowering. The ear was thinned when 6-7 leaves were spread, and the deformed fruit, small fruit, disease and insect fruit and dense fruit were thinned out. The strong fruiting branch leaves 1-2 ears, the golden mean branch leaves 1 ear, and the weak branch leaves no ear. The varieties with heavy falling flowers and fruits should be treated with 10 mg / kg gibberellin and 2 mg / kg clopirazide.

5. Fertilizer and water management

Autumn application of base fertilizer: from late August to late September, 5000kg of fully mature organic fertilizer, 30kg of compound fertilizer, 50kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer, 15kg of superphosphate, 1.5kg of borax and 2kg of zinc sulfate were applied per mu. Organic fertilizer is mainly cow and sheep manure, while chicken manure is not suitable for application because it contains urokinase, antibiotics, fire alkali and heavy metals.

6. Pest control

Clean up the diseased fruits, branches and leaves of diseases and insect pests in the garden in winter, and reduce the source of diseases and insect pests in the shed. Spray 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture before germination to control downy mildew, powdery mildew, black pox, leaf mites and so on. 200 times Bordeaux solution was sprayed twice before and after flowering to prevent and cure black pox. Before sprouting to flowering, the whole garden sprayed 1000 times of Dasheng MMel 45 wettable powder and 1500 times of Lesbon to control Botrytis cinerea and blind stink bugs. 2000 times of mancozeb wettable powder was sprayed during fruit growth to control anthracnose and white rot.

How to change the color of grapes?

There are many reasons that affect grape color conversion, such as temperature, light, yield, rational use of fertilizer, watering size, reasonable ratio of leaf to fruit, chemical use, functional fertilizer use, etc., as well as poor root system or weak tree, serious diseases and insect pests. will also have a certain impact on grape color conversion.

1. Temperature and light mainly affect the accumulation of sugar and the activity of enzymes in plants.

Light can affect the synthesis of sugar and related organic matter, but also has a lot to do with anthocyanin synthesis, so protected greenhouse or cold greenhouse grape production process, we must try to increase the light time, as long as the temperature is enough, try to roll early and late release lotus or quilt; temperature, for anthocyanin formation mechanism is complex, diurnal temperature difference is very important for sugar accumulation. The most suitable temperature for color conversion is 25-30 degrees during the day, never more than 30 degrees; 12-15 degrees at night, the lowest can not be less than 10 degrees, and grapes almost stop growing when they are below 10 degrees. Do not extreme to understand that high temperature, low temperature has no upper limit or lower limit, too high or too low, there will be obstacles to grape color conversion.

2. Reasonable load.

According to the specific situation of the tree potential, reasonable load, it is best to control the yield per mu at 3000kg to 4000jin, and the maximum amount should not exceed 5000 jin. If the ear is too large, it is best not to set up side dishes between the front bottom corner of the grape and the grape winter. although it does not affect the grape yield, the vegetables completely absorb the light that should have radiated to the ground during the day, and lose all the advantages of using the ground absorption to increase the ground temperature. If there is a warm or cold shed with small dishes, as long as the sun goes down or the grass lotus is put down, the temperature in the shed will drop rapidly, but without the greenhouse without side dishes, the ground or the back wall will give off the heat stored during the day, thus ensuring that the night temperature will increase by at least 3-5 degrees Celsius. In this way, the more the accumulated temperature, the faster the color of the grapes will change, so although the grape shed with small dishes will not reduce production. But the selling price will be greatly reduced because the grapes are on the market for a week or later in the evening.

3. Fertilizer.

In different periods, the rational use of fertilizers of various elements is the most important link that affects the speed of grape color conversion. Change color is not an urgent thing, usually in the management process, to create suitable conditions, will let grapes change color quickly, so it is very important to do a good job of nutrition accumulation in peacetime. On the most basic basis, it is necessary to bury grape fertilizer for three times in a growth cycle: autumn fertilization, sprout fertilizer and Pengguo fertilizer, especially autumn fertilization, should be 60%-70% of that of the whole year. Autumn fertilization must be re-applied to make the grape tree stronger in the coming year. Many farmers are greedy. They almost don't pay too much attention to burying fertilizer these times, so they can save money and give priority to flushing fertilizer, which can not meet the needs of the tree. It is naturally difficult to change color.