What are the key technical points of bayberry planting management?

"Wangmei to quench thirst" is the best description of the taste of red bayberry. As long as you see red bayberry, it will give birth to your mouth. Bayberry can be eaten raw, it can be processed into dried bayberry, or it can be made into bayberry wine, which tastes good. What are the key technical points of bayberry planting management? Let's get to know it together.

I. selection of varieties

There are many varieties, which can be divided into white, red, pink and black species according to the fruit color. The method of reproduction is to propagate by seed, split plant and grafting. Seed reproduction: select mature fruit, peel off the flesh, dry in the shade, and store it with wet sand. Spring sowing can be used as seedling after emergence to the second year. Branch propagation; digging up the biennial Berberis of the old plant. Grafting propagation: two-year-old seedlings were selected as rootstocks, skinned or cut before and after the Qingming Festival, and then cultivated and transplanted for 2 years. The holes were opened according to the row spacing of 5m × 5m, 1 plant per hole, soil compaction and watering. About 450 plants were planted in 1hm, and a small number of male plants were planted appropriately for pollination.

2. Grafting technique

Prepare the rootstock. The one-year-old red bayberry seedlings (rootstock) were dug up, the leaves were removed in the field and transported back to the room, and then cut off more than 5cm above the ground. Seedlings purchased from other places are also treated in the same way. If the diameter of the root neck is less than 0.5 cm, it is an unqualified seedling, which cannot be grafted in the same year and must be cultivated for another year.

Scion collection. The branches of 1-and 2-year-old red bayberry trees without diseases and insect pests are required to be collected, and the scions should be cut according to the thickness of the rootstock. When the tree is cut directly, the branches with a length of 40 cm to 60 cm can be left, the leaves of the branches can be removed by hand from top to bottom, tied up into handfuls and transported back to the room, and then cut to grow about 8 cm of twigs for grafting. In Wenzhou area of Zhejiang Province, seedling breeders are used to cutting scions to grow by 10 to 15 centimeters.

Grafting time. Bayberry seedlings are mostly grafted by branch-line cutting grafting, which takes place from mid-March to early April in Cixi, Zhejiang Province, before the flow of red bayberry sap. The time in the south can be slightly earlier, while that in the north should be relatively delayed.

Grafting method. Where there are a large number of annual seedlings (small rootstocks), digging grafting (rootstocks are dug up and transported indoors) and cutting method are suitable; for fewer perennial seedlings (large rootstocks), it is better to use ground grafting and split grafting. The seedlings dug and grafted can be planted in the field immediately after that, or they can be stored indoors for about 1-2 weeks and dry planting in fine weather. The production practice shows that after grafting, the small grafted seedlings are placed on the indoor mud or cement ground with a pile height of 50 cm to 60 cm, wet the roots with a small pot and covered with plastic film. After 7 days and 15 days, the interface heals well and the survival rate is higher when planted in the field.

Grafting and reproduction. The survival rate of red bayberry grafting is low. In order to improve the survival rate of grafting, good two-year-old branches should be used on healthy and disease-free mother trees of 7-15 years old. Generally in the middle of February, when the sap does not begin to flow, the grafting is mainly cut, the scion is 8-9 cm long, with 9-10 buds, and then grafting. The method of cutting is the same as that of other fruit trees. After the grafted seedlings survive, attention should be paid to weeding and pest control to ensure the robust growth of new shoots (buds on scions).

3. Transplanting methods

Red bayberry is deeply loved and favored by landscaping personnel in gardens and residential areas. Red bayberry generally prefers to be transplanted with large seedlings. The cultivation of red bayberry should be transplanted after 3-4 years, and the plant distance should be 4m and 6m, which can also be determined according to the actual needs.

The specification of digging holes depends on the thickness of red bayberry seedlings, and the suitable length is 0.5mm 0.8m × width 0.5mm 0.8m, depth 0.4m 0.6m. Before transplanting, basal fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the hole (or topdressing after planting). Big seedlings of red bayberry must carry soil masses, and the size of soil masses depends on the seedlings. Generally, the diameter of soil masses in 3~5cm belt is 15~30cm.

When the red bayberry seedlings rise, first dig out the soil around the soil mass, and tie the upper part of the soil ball firmly and tightly with a grass rope to prevent the soil mass from loosening. Then dig the soil at the bottom, cut off the main root, gently lift it to the ground, and then tie up and fasten the whole soil with a grass rope.

The branches and leaves of red bayberry should be pruned reasonably according to the actual tree type before planting to prevent excessive evaporation of water from causing dryness. After the seedlings are put into the planting hole, the grass rope should be cut around to facilitate the tight combination when filling the soil, and make the grass rope easy to rot. When the seedling is well planted, the rhizosphere topsoil should be higher than the ground 5~10cm, and water should be watered once. Considering shading according to the transplanting season, the survival rate can generally reach more than 95%.