Planting method of Toona sinensis seedlings

Toona sinensis, also known as Toona sinensis bud, incense pile head, red Toona tree, Chuntian and so on, is also known as Chunmiao in Anhui. Chinese people have been in the habit of eating Toona sinensis for a long time, and the Han Dynasty spread all over the country. Chunya is rich in nutrition and has the role of dietotherapy, mainly for the treatment of exogenous wind-cold, rheumatism, stomachache, dysentery and so on. Next, let's introduce the planting method of Toona sinensis seedlings.

I. Propagation methods

The propagation of Toona sinensis can be divided into two types: sowing and seedling breeding and split propagation (also known as root tiller propagation).

1. Sowing and reproduction

Because the germination rate of Toona sinensis seeds is low, before sowing, soak the seeds with new high-fat membrane in 30 ℃ 35 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, then put them at 25 ℃ to accelerate germination. Sowing when the rice grain is exposed to the radicle (the lowest ground temperature is about 5 ℃) is usually in the first and middle of March in Shanghai. After emergence, 2 Mel 3 true leaves time seedlings, 4 Mel 5 true leaves fixed seedlings, the row spacing is 25x15 cm.

two。 Ramet propagation

The root seedlings can be dug up in early spring and planted on the seedling ground. When the seedlings grow to about 2 meters in the next year, they will be planted again. The method of root-cutting and tillering can also be used to dig a circular ditch 60 cm deep around the adult tree in late winter and early spring, cut off part of the lateral roots, and then fill the ditch. Because the roots of Toona sinensis are easy to grow adventitious roots, new seedlings can be germinated at the end of root cutting and can be transplanted the following year. Spraying new high-fat film after transplanting can effectively prevent aboveground water from evaporation, seedling water from transpiration, cut off diseases and insect pests and shorten the slow seedling period.

After the seedlings of Toona sinensis were cultivated, they were planted before germination in early spring. For large areas of Toona sinensis forest, the distance between rows is 7 x 5 meters. Planted in the canal, after the house, are one-way, plant spacing of about 5 meters. After planting, it should be watered for 3 times to improve the survival rate.

3. Picking skills

Common cultivation and dwarfing close planting cultivation of Toona sinensis generally germinate before the Qingming Festival, and the terminal buds can be picked before and after Grain Rain. This kind of first picking, called the first stubble Toona sinensis bud, is not only fat and tender, but also rich in flavor and high quality; later, according to the growth situation, it will be picked for the second time every 15 minutes and 20 days. The newly planted Toona sinensis can be harvested 2 times at most, and 3 times a year after 3 years, and the yield will increase accordingly. As for protected cultivation, it can also be picked in winter by heating. If it is not heated, tree buds can be supplied in advance in early spring.

2. Dwarfing cultivation

1. Select high quality seeds

Select the new seeds of the year, the seeds should be full, the color is fresh, red and yellow, the kernels are yellow and white, the purity is more than 98%, and the germination rate is more than 40%.

two。 Heat preservation and budding

In order to sprout neatly, budding treatment should be carried out. The method of accelerating germination is as follows: soaking the seeds in warm water of 40 ℃ for about 5 minutes, stirring constantly, then soaking them in water of 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ for 24 hours, soaking the seeds with enough water, pulling out the seeds, controlling the excess water, putting them on a clean Reed mat, spreading them 3 cm thick, covering with a clean cloth, and moisturizing and germinating in 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. During the budding period, turn the seeds once or twice a day and rinse them with 25 ℃ of water for 2 or 3 times to control the excess moisture. When 30% of the seeds sprout, they can be sown.

3. Sowing at the right time

Select sandy soil and fertile soil with flat terrain, sufficient light and good drainage as seedling land, combined with soil preparation and fertilization, spread evenly and turn through. In a 1-meter-wide border, ditches were opened at a row spacing of 30 centimeters, with a width of 5 centimeters and a depth of 5 centimeters. The budding seeds were sown evenly and covered with soil 2 centimeters thick.

4. Seedling management

Seedlings emerged about 7 days after sowing, and watering was strictly controlled before emergence to prevent soil consolidation from affecting seedling emergence. When 4-6 true leaves are unearthed, interseedling and fixed seedling should be carried out. Water the seedlings before setting the seedlings, and fix the seedlings with a distance of 20 cm. The dwarfing treatment of seedlings was carried out when the plant height was about 50 cm. Spraying 15% paclobutrazol 200 times 400 times every 10 to 15 days for 2 times in a row can control overgrowth, promote seedling dwarfing and increase material accumulation. The number of branches can be increased by paclobutrazol treatment combined with coring.

III. Post-planting management

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Sufficient base fertilizer must be applied to cultivate Toona sinensis in solar greenhouse. Apply not less than 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure, not less than 100kg of superphosphate and 25kg of urea per mu. Then the seedlings are planted in the whole border, which is usually 80cm wide and 100cm wide.

two。 Planting density

The planting density is about 30,000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 15cm and the row spacing is 15cm.

3. Fine management

Temperature management: keep the temperature at 1 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ without heating in the first few days to slow down the seedlings. Cover the greenhouse with grass grass 10 days after planting, uncover it during the day and cover it at night. The temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ at night. Under this condition, Toona sinensis buds can grow after 40-50 days.

Hormone regulation: after planting slow seedlings, Baozhibao was used to treat the 4% 5 dormant buds in the upper part of Toona sinensis seedlings. 1 gram of medicine was coated with 100% 120 buds, which could make the buds full, the buds strong, and the yield increased by 10% and 20%.

Humidity regulation: Toona sinensis seedlings planted in the greenhouse should maintain high humidity. Pour water thoroughly after planting, and then pour small water according to the situation, and the relative humidity of the air should be kept at about 85%. During the growth period after germination, the relative humidity should be about 70%.

Light regulation: in the production of Toona sinensis in solar greenhouse, better light is needed to promote growth. Use drip-free film and keep the greenhouse film clean.

4. Harvest of Toona sinensis bud

Under suitable temperature conditions (18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃ during the day and 12 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ at night), the buds of Toona sinensis grow fast, show purplish red and have strong fragrance. 40-50 days after the greenhouse was covered with grass grass, the buds of Toona sinensis began to be harvested when the buds grew to 15-20 cm and were well colored. The first crop of buds should pick the terminal buds clustered on the sprouts, leave the bolts slightly when picking, and pick the apical buds so that the leaves continue to be divided at the base of the remaining buds. Harvesting should be carried out in the morning and evening. In the greenhouse, the buds of Toona sinensis can be picked once every 7-10 days, for a total of 4-5 times, and each time they should be fertilized and watered.

IV. Planting techniques

1. Temperature regulation

It was observed that when the greenhouse temperature was about 25 ℃, the buds could grow 4 cm in 24 hours, but only 1 cm in the case of 15 ℃. When the greenhouse temperature exceeded 35 ℃, the coloring and quality of Toona sinensis buds were affected. 15 days after plastic film buckling is the slow seedling stage, efforts should be made to increase the air temperature, and the greenhouse temperature can be about 30 ℃ during the day. After the accumulation of natural light and temperature for more than one month, after sprouting, the temperature was controlled at 25 ℃ 30 ℃ in daytime and 17 ℃ at night, and the suitable temperature during budding period was 18 mi 25 ℃. Cover with herbs and paper quilts to heat up or keep warm as appropriate.

two。 Humidity regulation

The seedlings planted in the greenhouse have poor water absorption capacity of the roots, so it is appropriate to maintain high soil moisture and air humidity at the initial stage, irrigate thoroughly after planting, and then irrigate small water according to the situation. The relative humidity of the air is kept above 85%, and water is sprayed on the seedlings on a sunny day to prevent the loss of water from drying up. After sprouting, the air relative humidity should be 70%. If the humidity is too high, not only the germination is slow, but also the fragrance is greatly reduced, so the air should be released in time.

3. Light regulation

Toona sinensis like light, should try to choose no drop film, timely uncover grass, paper quilt during the day, but also often clean debris on the film to increase light, if the light is too strong, you can cover the grass to shade the sun properly.

4. Topping to promote branching

When picking the second crop of Toona sinensis, remove the top and set the stem at the same time (top from 40 cm above the ground). After drying, 15% paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 200-500ppm was sprayed to control apical dominance, promote rapid branch growth and achieve dwarfing cultivation. After that, according to the development of the tree type, topping and branching in time to ensure that the crown is more branched, produce more Toona sinensis buds, and achieve high yield and high quality.

5. Water and fertilizer management

Toona sinensis is a fast-growing woody vegetable with low water demand and high demand for potash fertilizer. Per 300m2 greenhouse, the base fertilizer needs about 2500 kg of fully mature high-quality farm manure, 150kg of plant ash or 6kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 6kg of diammonium carbonate. After each picking, according to the soil fertility, the growth of Toona sinensis and leaf color, appropriate amount of topdressing and watering.

6. Cover light-insulated thin film bag

After Grain Rain, the greenhouse film can be removed when the ground temperature is above 18 ℃, allowing the seedlings to grow naturally. Since then, although the seedlings grow rapidly, they are easy to aging. Black and red 2-layer and 2-color polyethylene film bags should be prepared as soon as possible. When the buds of Toona sinensis grow to 5 cm, they can be covered with light-insulated film bags. This can not only increase the yield, but also ensure the non-aging of Toona sinensis buds. When the Toona sinensis bud grows to 15 cm, it is picked with the bag, and then sold in the bag. This kind of film bag can be used many times.