How to grow yellow peach in order to produce high yield? What are the key points of planting techniques to be mastered?

Among many peach varieties, yellow peach comes out, yellow skin below, soft glutinous meat, sweet, good yellow peach can smell its rich taste far away, refreshing. In recent years, the economic value of yellow peach has been obviously improved, and more friends have planted yellow peach, but we need to work hard in the specific planting process. If you want high yield of yellow peach, you must master the following planting techniques. The yellow peach planted in this way is big and sweet.

1. Variety selection

Select the good varieties suitable for planting in this area, pay attention to the combination of early, middle and late maturing varieties. In the areas far away from big cities, middle-late maturing varieties with good storage and transportation resistance should be selected. Pollinating trees must be allocated for non-pollen varieties, and pollinating trees should also be allocated for pollen varieties. Generally, the ratio of main varieties to pollinating varieties is 5~8∶1. Attention should be paid to the selection of varieties and rootstocks with good disease resistance and pest resistance.

Second, seedling selection and planting

1. Selection of seedlings

Select more than 3 main lateral roots, length of more than 20 cm, full growth, seedling height of more than 80 cm, base diameter of more than 1 cm, good grafting joint healing seedlings, it is strictly prohibited to use seedlings with quarantine objects. Mountain peach and peach or Qingzhou peach are adopted as rootstocks.

2. Seedling planting

The planting density is 1~2 m ×5 m, and the plant spacing can be appropriately reduced for mechanical operation. Planting period is divided into spring planting or autumn planting. Spring planting is carried out after the soil is thawed, irrigated after planting, and then covered with plastic film to improve the ground temperature. Autumn planting is carried out after defoliation and before soil freezing. Irrigation is carried out in time after planting, and then covered with plastic film. The planting pit is 0.8 m in diameter and 0.8 m deep. Before planting, the roots of seedlings should be soaked in water to absorb sufficient water, thick roots should be cut off lightly, disinfected with 5 Baume sulfur mixture, and planted after being dipped in mud. Before planting, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 40kg and diammonium phosphate 0.5~ 1kg to each plant, mix the organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and excavated topsoil, backfill the pit, fill it to about 25cm away from the ground surface, step on it or irrigate it first until it sinks, and irrigate it in time after planting. The length and width of tree tray shall be at least 1m × 1m. The planting depth is determined by the depth of the seedling in the nursery.

III. Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Soil management

Deep ploughing and soil improvement are carried out between rows in autumn every year, and deep ploughing is carried out at the periphery of tree crown by 40~60 cm. Young trees can be intercropped with crops such as green manure or beans, and cultivated after each irrigation and rainfall. Adult trees are grassed between rows, tilled or covered in rows. Artificial planting of rat grass, white clover, ryegrass, etc. or natural grass, when the grass height between rows is 30~40 cm, artificial or mechanical mowing, stubble height is maintained at 8~10 cm, mowing 3~4 times a year, and the mowed grass covers the tree tray.

2. Fertilization management

Basal fertilizer is applied after autumn fruit harvest (September to October), combined with ploughing and soil improvement. According to the calculation of 150kg decomposed organic fertilizer per 100kg fruit, 1.2kg ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.2kg potassium sulfate are mixed at the same time. Generally, 3000~ 4000kg high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per mu, mainly in furrow application, and the fertilizer application position is within the projection range of tree crown. Fertilization methods include digging radial furrows, circular furrows or parallel furrows, the depth of the furrows is 30~45 cm, and irrigation is carried out after fertilization. Topdressing is carried out before germination and one week after flowering, 0.5 kg urea is applied to every 100 kg fruit, and circular grooves with a depth of 10 cm are opened; 0.3 kg urea is applied to every 100 kg fruit at the hard core stage; 1.0 kg potassium sulfate is applied to every 100 kg fruit at the expansion stage. Irrigate timely after topdressing, and prohibit topdressing within 30 days before harvest. Spraying 4%~5% zinc sulfate before germination, spraying 0.2% borax solution once in full bloom, spraying 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before hard core stage. Topdressing is prohibited within 20 days before harvest. If there are conditions, nutrient diagnosis and fertilization should be carried out according to the results of soil and leaf analysis.

3. Irrigation and drainage

Irrigation is conducted once before germination in combination with topdressing, once during hard core stage, no irrigation is allowed for 15 days before harvest, and frozen water is irrigated before winter. Before the rainy season, the drainage system should be dredged to ensure smooth drainage in rainy season. Peach is afraid of waterlogging, prevent ponding in peach garden.

IV. Shaping and pruning

(1)Winter pruning. At present, there are two methods of winter pruning in production: long branch pruning and short branch pruning.

(2)Summer pruning. Three or four times a year.

Plastic pruning must pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. Peach tree is a light-loving tree species, the crown coverage rate is maintained at about 70%, too dense garden should be thinned or the tree structure should be adjusted, the light transmittance under the crown is>40%.

V. Pest control

(1)Strengthening cultivation management, increasing basal fertilizer, reasonable irrigation, controlling humidity, controlling nitrogen and increasing potassium, reasonable load and strengthening tree vigor are the basis of pest control.

(2)Strengthen seedling quarantine, adopt rootstock and seedling without diseases and insect pests.

(3)Planting alfalfa between rows can fix nitrogen to increase soil fertility, improve orchard microclimate and inhibit weed growth, which is beneficial to the reproduction of natural enemies such as leaf mites, aphids and fruit borers. When the number of natural enemies reaches a certain amount, they should be cut at the right time to force natural enemies to control pests.

(4)Fruit bagging can also treat a variety of fruit-eating pests. Insecticides and fungicides should be sprayed before bagging. In the growing season, the fruits of pests and diseases are removed in time, burned or buried intensively.

(5)Do a good job in orchard cleaning and reduce the number of diseases and insect pests. At the end of autumn and early winter, thoroughly clean the fallen leaves, pick up the fallen fruits, remove the garden in time, scrape the old bark of the trunk, and scrape the skin until smooth. Clean and scrape the skin, burn it intensively. If there are many natural enemies after inspection, store them properly before handling them.

(6)White coating on the trunk of fruit trees during dormancy period can protect the trunk from sunburn and freezing injury, and has insecticidal and bactericidal effects. The first time of whitening was after defoliation and before soil freezing, and the second time was in early spring. The white-coated parts are mainly trunk, young trees, trees with incomplete crown, diseased trees, south of trunk and branches facing the sun should be mainly coated, not coated on branches, so as not to burn buds. Whitening agent can be prepared by 10 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of sulfur powder, 0.2 parts of salt, 0.2 parts of animal oil and 35 parts of water.