Teach you tomatoes, cucumbers, spinach and other 24 kinds of cash crop fertilization program (method), after learning to fear not high yield!

Nowadays, more and more agricultural enterprises pay attention to agrochemical services, but the skills of agrochemical service personnel are mixed, and growers are skeptical. The editor simply summarizes 24 kinds of crop management fertilization programs, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, spinach and so on. After all, crop fertilization management should follow measures to local conditions and to the times. But I hope that the agricultural people we can see can follow the analogy and learn and use it flexibly.

1. Tomatoes

Potassium is the most, nitrogen is the second, and phosphorus is less. It is determined that for every 1000 kg tomato, it is necessary to absorb 7.8kg of nitrogen, 1.3kg of phosphorus, 15.9kg of potassium, CaO2.1 kg and MgO0.6 kg.

The absorption order of each element is potassium > nitrogen > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium.

Results in the peak period, the nutrient absorption reached the maximum, and the fertilizer absorption in this period accounted for 50% and 80% of the total absorption. After that, the amount of nutrient uptake decreased gradually. Nitrogen fertilizer should be the main fertilizer at seedling stage, and pay attention to the application of phosphorus fertilizer, which can promote the expansion of leaf area and flower bud differentiation. However, nitrogen and potassium nutrition should be gradually increased in the full flowering stage of the first ear fruit.

Results in the peak period, on the basis of sufficient supply of nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus nutrition must be increased, especially in protected cultivation, more attention should be paid to the supply of nitrogen and potassium, and carbon dioxide gas fertilizer should be added at the same time. The combined application of medium elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, sulfur, iron and trace element fertilizers can not only increase the yield, but also improve the quality and commodity rate.

2. Cucumber

It is determined that for every 1000 kg of cucumber production, it is necessary to absorb N 1.9 Mel 2.7 kg P2O5 0.8-0.9 kg from the soil. K2O3.5-4.0 kilogram. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1: 0.4: 1.6. The cucumber needs the most potassium during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen.

The nitrogen uptake of cucumber increased linearly within 30 days after planting, and reached the peak at the middle stage of growth. In the stage of reproductive growth, the absorption of phosphorus by cucumber increased sharply, while the requirement of nitrogen decreased slightly. Potassium is absorbed during the whole growth period of cucumber, so attention should be paid to the use of potash fertilizer in cucumber production.

3. Eggplant

The amount of potassium absorbed in the middle growth stage was similar to that of nitrogen absorption. In the late growth stage, the absorption of potassium was much higher than that of nitrogen. Although the absorption of phosphorus increased in the later stage, it was much smaller than that of potassium and nitrogen. For every 1000 kg eggplant, the amount of elements absorbed was 2.7m / kg of nitrogen, 0.70.8kg of phosphorus, 4.75.1kg of potassium, 1.2kg of calcium oxide and 0.5kg of magnesium oxide. The absorption ratio is about 3 to 1. 5. The suitable formula of fertilizer should be 15:10:20.

4. Celery

The nutrient absorption of celery in the whole growth period is consistent with the increase of biomass, and the absorption dynamics of each nutrient is basically the same, showing an "S" curve. The peak period of nutrient absorption of celery in autumn is also the peak of nutrient absorption, that is, 68-100 days after sowing. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accounted for more than 84% of the total absorption, of which calcium and potassium were as high as 98.1% and 90.7%.

Among them, the amount of nitrogen is the highest, followed by calcium and potassium, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium is about 9.1, 1.3, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 1.0. General production of 1000 kg celery, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption of 2.0kg, 0.93kg, 3.88kg respectively.

5. Spinach

The production of 1000 kg spinach requires 1.6kg pure nitrogen, 0.83kg phosphorus pentoxide and 1.8kg potassium oxide. More nitrogen fertilizer is required to promote leaf growth. In terms of the type, amount and time of nitrogen fertilizer, spinach is a typical vegetable that likes nitrate nitrogen. The yield is higher when the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen is above 2:1, but the application of ammonium nitrogen alone will inhibit the absorption of K and Ca and bring ammonia damage to its growth.

With the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer alone, although the plant growth is large, it consumes too much energy in the reduction process; in low light, the absorption of nitrate nitrogen may be inhibited, resulting in insufficient nitrogen supply.

6. Melon

The growth period of muskmelon is shorter and less fertilizer is needed. For every 1000 kg of muskmelon, about 3.5kg of nitrogen, 1.72kg of phosphorus and 6.88kg of potassium are needed. According to the happy calculation of fertilizer use efficiency, the proportion of three elements in actual fertilization at 1:1:1 is better.

7. Chili

Pepper is a vegetable that needs a lot of fertilizer. For every 1000 kg of production, it needs about 3.5 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.8ml kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 5.5 kg of potassium oxide (K2O).

From the early growth stage to the fruit harvest period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients absorbed by pepper is also different in different growth stages: from emergence to budding, the plant has fewer roots, small leaves and less nutrients, about 5% of the total absorption; from budding to early flowering, the plant grows faster, and the absorption of nutrients increases, accounting for about 11% of the total absorption.

The period from early flowering to full flowering is the period of vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pepper, and the nutrient absorption accounts for about 34% of the total absorption, which is the period of absorbing the most nitrogen; from full flowering to maturity, the vegetative growth of the plant is weak. the nutrient absorption is about 50% of the total absorption, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium is the most; after the mature fruit is harvested, in order to promote the growth and development of branches and leaves in time, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed.

8. Ginger

For every 1000 kg fresh ginger, it is necessary to absorb 6.34kg of pure nitrogen, 1.6kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 9.27kg of potassium oxide. the order of nutrient absorption is potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus. The demand for nutrients has two peaks, the first is the three-year period, and the second is the rhizome expansion period after the Beginning of Autumn. Fertilization principle: base fertilizer heavy application of organic fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of compound fertilizer, topdressing is mainly compound fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reasonable.

9. Chinese cabbage

To produce 5000 kg Chinese cabbage per mu, it is necessary to absorb 11kg of pure nitrogen (N), 54.7kg of pure phosphorus (P2O5) and 12.5kg of pure potassium (K2O) from the soil. During the vegetative growth period of Chinese cabbage, sufficient oxygen nutrition plays a particularly important role in promoting the formation of hypertrophic green leaves and improving photosynthetic efficiency.

Because the growth amount and growth rate of Chinese cabbage are different in different growth periods, the demand for nutritional conditions is also different. The overall characteristics of fertilizer requirements are as follows: less nutrients are absorbed at the seedling stage, less than 10% of the total absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; a significant increase in the rosette stage, about 30% of the total point; and the largest absorption of nutrients in the core stage, about 60% of the total point.

10. Chinese yam

For every 1000 kg tuber, 4.32kg of pure nitrogen, 1.07kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 5.38kg of potassium oxide are needed. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4:1:5. The fertilizer requirements and types are different in different growth periods. Seedling stage: the plant growth is small. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is also small.

The growth and peak period of branches and leaves: with the acceleration of plant growth rate, the growth increased, the amount of nutrients and absorption also increased, especially the absorption of nitrogen increased. The rapid expansion period of tubers: the growth of stems and leaves reached the peak, the tubers grew and expanded rapidly, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also reached the peak.

11. Potatoes

Potato is a tuber crop, which needs 4.4kg of nitrogen, 1.8kg of phosphorus and 7.9kg of potassium for every 1000 kilograms of fresh tuber. it is a typical potassium-loving crop with a yield increase of potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus, short growth period, high yield and large demand for base fertilizer.

12. Green onions

The yield of green onion depends on the length and thickness of the pseudostem. The growth of pseudostem is affected by the speed of hair leaves, the number of leaves and the size of leaf area. The internal factors are controlled by variety characteristics and early bolting, and the external factors are affected by temperature, water, light and soil nutrition.

Generally speaking, the number of leaves is more, the higher the pseudostem is, the thicker the pseudostem is; the stronger the leaf body is, the thicker the leaf sheath is, and the thicker the pseudostem is. Welsh onion is a biennial cold-tolerant vegetable. The whole growth period is divided into two periods: vegetative growth and reproductive growth. From the appearance of the first true leaf to the overwintering is the seedling stage, which lasts for 40 minutes and 50 days. In this period, the temperature is on the low side, the growth is less, and the management is mainly to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing and overwintering safely, so the amount of fertilizer is very little.

The period from the Beginning of Spring turning green to planting is the peak period of seedling growth, which is as long as 80ml 100 days. This period is the key period for cultivating strong seedlings. "seedling fertilizer" should be applied in time, mainly with available nitrogen fertilizer. Before and after White Dew is the most suitable growth season for green onions, entering the peak period of onion white formation, and the pseudostem elongates and thickens rapidly, which is another key period for fertilizer and water management.

Because green onion likes fertilizer, on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing is carried out according to the law of fertilizer demand in each growth period. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which requires complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and special attention should be paid to the application of sulfur fertilizer. Topdressing is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizer, with the principle of "light in the front and heavy in the back, attack and compensation in the middle". About 3.4kg of nitrogen, 1.8kg of phosphorus and 6.0kg of potassium are absorbed for every 1000 kg of green onion products, with a ratio of 1.9 to 1.9kg.

13. Garlic

Garlic is a potassium-loving and sulfur-loving crop. In the process of garlic growth, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more in nitrogen and potassium and less in phosphorus. Generally, the yield of fresh garlic per mu is 1500ml 2500kg. The experimental results show that for every 1000 kg garlic tuber, about 4.8kg of nitrogen, 1.4kg of phosphorus, 4.4kg of potassium and 0.8kg of sulfur are needed, and the peak period of fertilizer demand is from the growth period of garlic bolts to the expansion period of garlic.

14. Leek

Leek has a strong fertility tolerance, and the amount of fertilizer required varies with age. The leek sown in the same year, especially in the germination stage and seedling stage, consumes less fertilizer, and the 2-4-year-old leek needs more fertilizer for its large growth. Generally, every production of 1000kg leek requires N1.5-1.8kg, P0.5-0.6kg and K1.7-2.0kg.

15. Taro

Among the three elements of fertilizer, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, followed by phosphorus fertilizer. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of cultivated taro is 2:1:2.

16. Carrots

For every 1000 kg of carrots, 2.4 Mel of nitrogen, 0.7 Mel of phosphorus and 11.7 kg of potassium are needed. The law of fertilizer absorption was as follows: the initial growth was slow, the growth increased rapidly when the root system began to expand in the middle and later stage, and the nutrient absorption also increased with the increase of growth.

In the two months after sowing the absorption of various elements was not large. With the expansion of the root the absorption increased significantly. The absorption of potassium was the most followed by nitrogen calcium phosphorus and magnesium. At harvest time, the amount of potassium in leaves was the most, followed by nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. In the root, potassium and nitrogen are the most, followed by phosphorus, calcium and magnesium.

The requirement of carrot for nitrogen is mainly in the early stage, and it is necessary to apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer at 30 ~ 50 days after sowing. During this period, the root diameter decreases obviously and the fleshy root expands badly. Different forms of nitrogen have a great effect on the growth of carrots. Carrots absorb less phosphorus, which is about 1 × 3 of the amount of nitrogen absorbed.

When the content of available phosphorus in soil is low, the effect of increasing phosphate fertilizer is obvious, and the yield tends to increase with the increase of fertilizer application. For the calcareous soil with large phosphorus absorption coefficient, the application of more phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer is beneficial to plant growth in the early stage and root expansion in the later stage. The main effect of potassium on carrots is to expand the meat. Attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer in production to prevent soil potassium deficiency, especially in the fleshy root expansion period, to ensure the supply of potassium fertilizer.

17. Radish

For every 1000 kg radish, it is necessary to absorb N21Mel 3.1kg, P2O50.8-1.9 kg and K2O3.8-5.6 kg from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1-0. 2-1. 8. It can be seen that radish is a potassium-loving vegetable, and should not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer.

In addition, radish is sensitive to boron. Foliar spraying boron fertilizer in the early and peak stages of fleshy root expansion can effectively improve the quality of radish.

18. Loofah

Towel gourd grows fast, has many fruits and likes to be fertilized, but its root system is shallow. Fertilizer absorption and weak fertility tolerance require the soil to be loose and fertile and rich in organic matter. It is determined that for every 1000 kilograms of towel gourd produced, it is necessary to absorb 1.9 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.9 kilograms of phosphorus and 3.5 kilograms of potassium from the soil.

The nitrogen uptake of towel gourd increased linearly within 30 days after planting, and the nitrogen uptake was the highest in the middle growth stage. During the reproductive period, the demand for phosphorus increased sharply, while the demand for nitrogen decreased slightly. Before the melon-bearing stage, the weight of plant organs increased slowly, and the flow of nutrients was dominated by roots and leaves, and provided nutrients for vine and flower bud differentiation and development.

After entering the fruiting stage, the plant growth increased significantly, and reached the maximum at the peak period. During the peak period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by towel gourd accounted for about 50%, 47% and 48% of the total nitrogen, respectively. In the later stage, the growth rate slowed down and the nutrient uptake decreased, especially nitrogen and potassium.

19. Kidney beans

Nitrogen, kidney bean like nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen supply is not the more the better, proper application of nitrogen is conducive to increase yield and improve quality, too much application will lead to flower drop and delay ripening, affecting the yield and benefit of kidney bean. Phosphorus and phosphorus play an important role in the formation, flowering and pod formation of kidney bean rhizobia.

Phosphorus deficiency can easily lead to poor growth and development of kidney bean plants and rhizobium, reduce the number of flowering and pods, reduce the number of pods and reduce the yield. Potassium and potassium can significantly affect the growth and development of kidney bean and the formation of yield. Insufficient supply of potassium fertilizer will reduce kidney bean production by more than 20%. In production, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is more appropriate, even if the amount of potassium is less, it generally will not show the symptoms of potassium deficiency.

Magnesium and kidney beans are prone to magnesium deficiency. If the magnesium in the soil is insufficient, from one month after kidney bean sowing, the primary leaf begins to yellowing and chlorosis between the veins of the first real leaf, and gradually develops to the upper leaf, which lasts for about 7 days, the leaf begins to fall off and the yield decreases. Molybdenum and trace element molybdenum are important components of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, which mainly participate in biological nitrogen fixation and promote nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of plants in physiological metabolism.

20. Pumpkin

The amount and proportion of nutrients absorbed by pumpkin were different in different growth and development stages. Less fertilizer was needed in the seedling stage, and the largest amount of fertilizer was needed in the fruit expansion stage, especially the absorption of nitrogen increased sharply, potassium also had a similar trend, and the amount of phosphorus uptake increased less.

According to the study of Miyazaki, Japan, in the 137 days from planting to pulling seedlings, the absorption of five elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) of pumpkin increased slowly in the first one, and increased rapidly in the middle one, while the most significant increase in the last one was in the last one. The absorption of the five elements in the whole period was the most in potassium and nitrogen, the middle in calcium, and the least in magnesium and phosphorus.

The increase in yield is completely consistent with the general trend of the absorption of the five elements, and it also increases rapidly within the time of the first one and the third. The production of 1000 kg pumpkin requires nitrogen (N) 3.5 Mel 5.5 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1.5 Mel 2.2 kg, potassium (K2O) 5.3 Mel 7.29 kg. Pumpkin has a good response to organic fertilizers such as barnyard manure and compost.

21. Cherry

The development of cherry leaves, flowering, flowering and fruit ripening are concentrated in the first half of the growing season, and it takes only about 45 days from flowering to fruit ripening, while flower bud differentiation is basically completed within 2 months after fruit harvest, so cherry has the characteristics of rapid growth and development and fertilizer accumulation. In a year, a large amount of fertilizer is needed from leaf expansion to fruit ripening, followed by the peak period of flower bud differentiation after fruit harvest, and less in the rest of the year. Fertilization before winter, flowering and after fruit harvest must be done well in production, which is an important measure to increase yield and improve quality.

22. Sweet potato

Sweet potato takes underground root as its economic product. It is studied that N (N) 4.9-5.0kg, P (P2O5) 1.3-2.0kg and K (K2O) 10.5-12.0kg are required for each 1000kg fresh potato production. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1. 3. 3. 2. In the whole life of sweet potato, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus, and the trend of absorbing water and nutrients from soil is roughly the same. There were significant differences in the quantity and rate of absorbing nitrogen phosphorus and potassium at different growth stages in the whole growth process of sweet potato.

The absorption of nitrogen is fast in the early and middle stages of growth, and it is mainly used for stem and leaf growth. the absorption and utilization of nitrogen reaches its peak in the peak period of stem and leaf production, but in the later stage, the stem and leaf declines, the tuber expands rapidly, and the absorption rate of nitrogen becomes slower and the demand decreases. The absorption and utilization of phosphorus increases gradually with the growth of stems and leaves, and reaches the peak in the expansion period of potato. The absorption and utilization of potassium was higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus from the beginning of growth to harvest.

With the growth of leaf vines, the amount of potassium absorbed gradually increased, the aboveground grew slowly, the leaf area coefficient began to decrease, and the weight of stems and leaves gradually decreased. Sweet potato especially needs to absorb a large amount of potassium in the period of rapid expansion. The general trend of sweet potato needs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is rapid absorption in the early and middle stage, and slow in the later stage.

Although the absorption of essential trace elements by sweet potato in its lifetime is very small, if the soil is deficient, the normal growth will be seriously affected. When the soil available zinc content is below 0.5mg/kg, sweet potato leaves have light color, small leaves, few branches, reduced drought resistance, etc.; or when the leaf magnesium content is less than 0.05%, magnesium deficiency occurs such as upward rolling of leaflets and yellowing between veins of old leaves. Therefore, the production must also pay close attention to the dynamic changes of the content of trace elements in the soil, if lack, it needs to be replenished in time.

23. Grapes

Although the grape is a vine fruit tree, it has developed root system, large leaves, strong polarity, exuberant growth, high fruit yield and long life. Its fertilizer requirement characteristics

First, there are many elements required. According to the verification of experiment and production, the necessary elements are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine. if one of them is deficient or insufficient, it will affect the normal physiological activities, which can not be replaced by other elements, and can only be corrected by topdressing the missing elements, otherwise it will lead to physiological disorders.

Second, it needs a large amount of fertilizer. According to the experiment, for every 100kg fruit, 300g of pure nitrogen, 150g of pure phosphorus and 360g of pure potassium were needed, plus the nutrients needed for the growth of vines, shoots and leaves and the loss of fixed nutrients. A high-yielding garden with a yield of 2000 kg per 667m2 required 12.5ml of pure nitrogen, 12.5kg of pure phosphorus and 10.0ml of pure potassium per year. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 10:5:12.

Third, the need for potassium is large, grape is a famous "potash plant", the whole growing period needs a lot of potassium, its demand occupies the first place among the three elements. Such as potassium deficiency or deficiency, leaves can not produce starch and fatty acids, nitrate nitrogen increases, leaves are small and small, leaf margin is scorched, new shoots decrease, fruit stalk turns brown, fruit grains shrink or crack, poor coloring, low taste and acid sugar, poor quality, and weak cold and drought resistance of plants.

Fourth, each stage of growth and development in a year is different, and the required elements and quantities are also the same. From germination, flowering to the early stage of young fruit, nitrogen demand is the most, accounting for about 64.5% of the annual demand. Phosphorus uptake increased gradually with the growth of branches and leaves, flowering and fruit setting, and reached a peak at the peak of shoot growth and fruit growth.

Although potassium absorption starts from spreading leaves and shoots, it needs the most potassium from fruit hypertrophy to coloring stage; in this period, if potassium is insufficient, fruit color difference sugar is low in taste and acid, and even can not mature in serious cases.

24. Cotton

The normal growth and development of cotton goes through seedling stage, bud stage, flower and boll stage, boll opening stage and so on. Generally, for every 667 square meters of lint 100 kg, it takes 8 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphorus and 15 kg of potassium.

Every 667 square meters to produce lint 200 kg need to absorb nitrogen 20 Mel 35 kg, phosphorus 7 Mel 12 kg, potassium 25 Mel 35 kg.