What are the common vine renewal methods and management techniques used in grapes?

Branches and vines refer to the stems of grapes of all ages, which can be divided into trunk, main vine, lateral vine, annual branch (also known as fruit mother branch), new shoot and secondary shoot, etc. The stem from the ground is called the trunk, the main vine is born on the trunk, there is no trunk in the area where the soil is buried for the winter, and the main vine grows from near the surface. The perennial branches on the main vines are called lateral vines, and the annual vines bearing mixed buds are called fruiting mother branches. What are the common vine renewal methods and management techniques used in grapes?

I. renewal of grape branches and vines

In order to prevent and correct the malpractice of the forward movement of the result site and the baldness of the base, it is necessary to constantly renew the branches in the shaping and pruning, so as to maintain the growth potential and inherent parts of the branches in all parts of the shelf. Here are some of the most commonly used methods of vine renewal:

1. Update of the result link

This updating method is limited to the result link. Its purpose: one is to maintain the stability of the fruiting site, the other is to maintain the growth advantage of the fruiting mother branch. The following two methods are generally used.

(1) double-branch regeneration

This method is mainly used for head shaping in fixed vine shaping, long tip shearing horizontal shaping and middle tip shearing in dragon bar shaping and so on. In order not to move the fruiting part outward, a short branch with two buds must be left under the long fruiting mother vine as a preparatory branch, when the long fruiting mother branch is fruited, the fruiting mother branch together with the one-year-old branch on it and a section of three-year-old branch below it are shrunk off, while the two new shoots produced by the preparatory branch are cut in front and short, so that the fruiting part can not move outward year after year.

(2) unipolar update

This method is mostly used for plastic plants in which the fruiting mother branch is cut with three buds in a row. Because the fruiting mother branch itself is very short, it is not necessary to keep the fruiting part from moving out. This method is generally suitable for vertical frame horizontal shape, scaffolding lever shape and height, width, vertical frame double arm shape and so on. Two effective bud eyes and two new shoots were left in the regeneration of double shoot and single branch, and one effective bud eye and one new shoot were left in single shoot.

two。 Backbone branch renewal

When the backbone branches grow to a certain period of time, the backbone branches of different plastic methods are easy to form local weakness and alopecia, which must be renewed to enrich the bald site and rejuvenate the growth potential. According to the location and degree of renewal, it can be divided into three types: small update, medium update and large update. They are introduced as follows:

(1) minor updates

The updates in front of the main and lateral vines are minor updates. This is the most frequently used first-level update method in plastic pruning, especially for fan-shaped pruning where the main and lateral vines are not fixed, it is often necessary to use the pruning method before and after pruning to keep the result part from moving forward too fast.

(2) Update in

The middle part of the main vine and the large side vine near the base are renewed for medium renewal. It is generally used in the following two situations. First, the growth of the back branches of the main and lateral vines is weak, and the front part is cut off to rejuvenate the growth potential of the middle and rear branches; the second is to prevent the base from being empty and bald, cut off the branches above the middle and transfer the tip dominance to the base to rejuvenate the base branches.

(3) Great updates

Cut off most or all of the main vine for major renewal. Generally, when the branches above the base of the main vine are damaged by severe freezing injury or disease, or because the branches are old and weak, and there are new branches and sprouting tillers at the base, the main vine can be cut off and replaced by new branches. This renewal method should be carried out cautiously, which can first cultivate new branches and then get rid of the old vines. If the old vines have withered or have no production value, they can also be cut off first to wait for sprouting to occur and replace them.

2. Management technology of grape branches and vines

If you see the ear in early spring, you can start to set the shoots, leaving 20 buds with fruit per plant (preventing wind and hail from destroying new shoots) before flowering, according to the growth situation of 15 new shoots with ears (preventing bad panicle shape or bad fruit setting) before flowering, and ear management. Leave 12 new shoots with grapes after flowering.

When picking the heart, it depends on the size of the top leaf. When the top leaf is smaller than the normal leaf 1x3 (smaller than the goose egg), the sub-tip of the top is very slow, because the nutrients produced by the photosynthesis of the leaves are not self-sufficient and need to compete with the secondary shoot for nutrients. At this time, it usually comes out first from the second sub-tip. So after picking the heart, be sure to take a look at the size of the top leaf, which is larger than the goose egg, and erase all the bifurcations below, leaving the top one smaller than the goose egg, then erase the bottom and leave the second secondary tip.

Many friends like to leave a leaf in the armpit, which can not only increase the leaf area, but also dredge nutrients and avoid winter buds. When the leaves are the size of eggs, they are already self-sufficient through photosynthesis, and this bifurcation will sprout again because of sufficient nutrients (summer buds). The second germination of summer buds will compete with winter buds for nutrients, which will increase labor consumption, infect downy mildew and spread powdery mildew. The size of axillary leaves cannot be controlled when splitting, but we can use reasonable techniques to prevent axillary summer buds from sprouting again. In this way, the axillary leaves only produce nutrients and do not consume nutrients.

The management of grape branches and vines is beneficial to adjust tree shape, balance growth, prolong its fruiting years, and control the yield and quality of grapes. It can also effectively control diseases and insect pests.