Ginger common 7 major diseases 2 major pest control methods summary!

As the saying goes, eat radish in winter and ginger in summer, ginger is one of the indispensable condiments for people at present. If ginger wants to have a good harvest, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests can not be ignored. Let's take a look at the seven common diseases and two pest control methods of ginger.

1. 7 common diseases of ginger

1. Ginger soft foot disease

Commonly known as ginger plague. The disease occurred during the period from Lesser Fullness of Grain to Greater Heat. A disease of root and rhizome caused by bacteria, also known as rot and soft rot.

Mainly transmitted by irrigation water and underground pests, diseases can occur from ginger sprouting to ginger harvesting. Diseases often occur in high temperature, showers and soiled paddy fields, and occur in all ginger producing areas in the north and south of China, which is the main disease in ginger producing areas. especially continuous cropping land is more serious. At the initial stage of the disease, the stems and leaves withered, then turned bright yellow, the leaves shrunk, and the roots were waterlogged. The cross section of the ginger stem near the root 3cm was light black, and soon milky mucus flowed out. If it is not pulled out, the withered stems and leaves will rot and stink and spread to other plants in a few days. Ginger soft foot disease is a bacterial disease, which is mainly transmitted by soil, water and ginger species. Therefore, prevention work must be done well.

The methods of prevention and control are as follows:

(1) choose pathogen-free soil or plots where rice has been planted.

(2) seed selection in disease-free areas

(3) to prevent water accumulation and stains on the roots of ginger.

(4) once the disease occurs, the diseased plants should be pulled out in time, and the soil should be disinfected with 300 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or 5% lime water.

2. Ginger rot

The disease is caused by skin rot to the center (ginger plague from heart rot to skin), stagnant water or unmature manure, which can easily lead to the disease.

The main preventive measures are: do not let the ginger land accumulate water, and the farm manure should be cooked. If the disease has occurred, Bordeaux solution can be applied, or soil disinfection can be carried out according to the method of preventing soft foot disease.

3. Ginger spot disease

It is a fungal disease. The main damage to leaves, leaves yellow-white, fusiform or oblong, small, 2-5 cm long, thinning in the middle of the spot, easy to rupture or perforation. In severe cases, the disease spots are scattered, and the whole leaf looks like dots, also known as white star disease. The spot disease of ginger was caused by conidia as the source of primary infection and re-infection, and spread by Rain Water sputtering. Warm and high humidity, interplant depression and closure, high humidity in the field or continuous cropping plots are all beneficial to the occurrence of the disease.

Prevention and control methods: avoid continuous cropping and carry out rotation for more than 2-3 years. Choose plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, not in low-lying areas. Pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. At the beginning of the disease, 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or methyl thiophanate was sprayed on the leaves, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 times.

4. Anthracnose of ginger

Fungal diseases. The main damage to leaves, leaf tip and leaf edge first appear disease spot. The disease spot is water-immersed brown spot at the beginning, then expands into oval or fusiform to irregular brown spot, the moire of the disease spot is obvious or not obvious. Several disease spots are connected to form disease patches, which make the leaves brown and dry; when it is wet, small black spots appear on the disease surface. Spread by Rain Water sputtering or insect activity. In addition to harming ginger, the pathogen can also infect many kinds of ginger or Solanaceae crops. The pathogen spread and spread on the host crops in the field, and there was no obvious overwintering period. Continuous cropping, excessive plant growth, high humidity in the field and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer are all beneficial to the occurrence of the disease.

Control method: implement crop rotation to avoid continuous cropping of Jiang Tian. Thoroughly remove the sick and disabled bodies during harvest, concentrate on burning and take them out of the field. Increase the application of farm manure, pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to enhance plant disease resistance; partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is strictly prohibited to avoid overgrowth of plants. It is strictly forbidden to accumulate water in the field and do a good job of clearing ditches and draining water in time. Chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and copper oxychloride were sprayed on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, once in 10-15 days and 2-3 times in succession.

5. Ginger sheath blight:

(1) before sowing or transplanting, or after harvest, remove weeds in the field and around, concentrate on burning or retting fertilizer; turn the ground deeply to kill stubble, promote the decomposition of disease residues and reduce pathogens and parasites.

(2) and non-undergraduate crop rotation, flood-drought rotation is the best.

(3) selection of disease-resistant varieties, disease-free, coated seeds, if uncoated, seeds should be sterilized with seed dressing agent or seed soaking agent.

(4) mulching with medicinal soil after transplanting or sowing, and spraying insecticide and fungicide before transplanting, which is the key to disease prevention.

(5) selecting fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, opening good drainage ditches, lowering the groundwater level so that there is no stagnant water in the rain; cleaning up the gully system in time after heavy rain to prevent moisture retention and reduce field humidity is an important measure to prevent disease.

(6) where there are many soil germs or serious underground pests, the soil is sterilized and insecticidal before sowing.

6. Ginger white star disease

The main results are as follows: (1) the land with high topography and fertile soil is selected for planting. Low flat land should be cultivated with high ridge or high border, and do a good job of deep trench drainage.

(2) adequate application of rotten manure, timely and appropriate amount of topdressing. Don't use too much nitrogen fertilizer, and pay attention to increasing the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer, especially potash fertilizer.

(3) Scientific irrigation, drainage after rain and reduction of field humidity.

(4) it is not suitable to work in the field after rain or when the dew is not dry, so as to reduce the chance of disease transmission and reduce the incidence of disease.

(5) spraying agents in time in the early stage of the disease, 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or 1000 times of copper succinate wettable powder or 80% dimethrin wettable powder can be selected.

7. Soft rot of ginger

Also known as rot, ginger plague. The disease is characterized by fast, wide and serious harm. The disease usually occurs first at the base of the stem near the ground and the upper part of the underground rhizome. Ginger soft rot was accompanied by yellow-brown disease spots in stems and leaves in the early stage, yellowing and withering of aboveground stems and leaves, and soft rot in underground tubers, losing edible value. It should be noted that the pathogen will spread and spread rapidly with the wind and rain, and if measures are not taken in time, it will lead to almost no harvest.

Prevention and control methods: can be summarized as prevention-oriented, comprehensive treatment. In the aspect of seed selection, it is necessary to do a good job in seed selection, disinfect ginger, implement crop rotation and improve cultivation techniques. In addition, it is necessary to treat the disease of ginger because the soft rot is caused by Pythium, so the choice of fungicide should be correct. 1000 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or 64% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder and 72% Kelou wettable powder can be used. The seeds can also be soaked in 400 times solution of 80% ethyl phosphorus aluminum wettable powder and stuffed for 1 hour (sealed with nylon film), and then the seeds can be dried. From seedling emergence to the initial disease period, the above agents were selected and irrigated again every 10 days.

2. Two common insect pests of ginger

1. Ginger borer

Farmers call it a heart-drilling bug. This kind of insect eats ginger seedlings with larvae so that its leaves are withered and yellow, and when it is serious, it can kill the whole plant.

Control methods: kill the adults of ginger borer as soon as possible, catch the larvae, or poison the first or second instar larvae. The larval damage could be seen from the beginning of May, and the peak period was in July and August when the ginger seedlings branched. The control effect was better when the larvae were applied in the low instar stage. In the larval stage, the 1500-fold solution of 20% tebufenozide suspension was sprayed on the heart leaves of ginger seedlings in the evening, and the ginger borer larvae could be poisoned when the solution flowed to the stem.

2. Ginger maggot

It is the main pest of ginger during storage, and the larva is commonly known as ginger maggot. It also harms ginger planting in the field and affects the yield and quality of ginger to a certain extent. Ginger maggot larvae have hygrotaxis and concealment, and the newly hatched larvae are eaten under the skin of ginger. Those who feed at the "round head" of ginger are covered with silk mesh adhered to insect dung and debris, and the larvae hide in it. The larvae are lively and only epidermis, crude fiber and granular insect feces are left in the injured parts of ginger, which can also cause ginger to rot. Ginger maggot does not have strict requirements on environmental conditions, but it can occur every year. Especially when the temperature of Ching Ming Festival rebounded, the harm intensified. In the field investigation, the victim rate of ginger is 20-25%.

Control methods: select ginger species, find that the killed ginger is eliminated immediately, or soak the seed ginger in 1000 times EC for 5-10 minutes to prevent the spread of pests from the ginger cellar to the field. Ginger people should thoroughly clean the ginger cellar before the cellar, spray the cellar with 1000 times of dichlorvos, or place several open vials containing dichlorvos solution in the ginger pile when putting ginger, and heat the dichlorvos solution for fumigation after putting the ginger. In the field, we should pay attention to the selection of ginger, eliminate the injured ginger, soak the seed ginger with 1000 times of dichlorvos for 5 minutes before sowing can kill the pests in the ginger.