Cultivation techniques of balsam pear

Balsam pear is a high-yield crop, which is characterized by developed root system, many lateral roots, like fertilizer and fear of waterlogging, light and heat tolerance, fertilizer tolerance. Balsam pear fruit taste sweet and bitter, the main vegetables, but also sugar stains. Ripe pulp and aril are also edible. The following is to introduce the cultivation techniques of balsam pear.

I. Variety selection

When selecting balsam pear varieties, we should choose green and white varieties with strong growth potential, strong branching ability, heat resistance, disease resistance, high yield, and suitable for regional consumption habits, such as Zidu brand Changbai balsam pear, Qingfeng balsam pear, Zhuzhou Changbai balsam pear and so on. Green and white balsam pear with green and white body balsam pear, jade green and white balsam pear, Pearl 101, Yushuai, Canila, etc., oil body balsam pear with hybrid oil body balsam pear, pearl balsam pear and so on.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

It is suitable to sow seeds from September to February of the following year in winter and spring and from July to August in autumn. The balsam pear interplanted with balsam pear was sown in mid-late January. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked to promote sprouting, and the seedlings were transferred to a nutrition bowl for 2-3 days after sowing. The temperature of the seedling shed was kept at 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night, with less watering and more light. Starting from the two true leaves of the seedlings, they were treated with Momordica charantia Zengchengling once every 3-4 days for a total of 3 times.

III. Colonization

According to the growth characteristics of balsam pear, the loam with abundant sunshine, rich organic matter, good drainage and water conservation, deep soil layer and continuous cropping should be avoided and should be rotated with non-melon crops for more than 3 years.

Balsam pear seedlings are planted on the border on both sides of the greenhouse and on the border in the middle, digging holes in the middle of the border and applying a little compound fertilizer. The plant spacing of pruning is 50 cm, and that of non-pruning is 100 cm. When planting, the root should not be in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, the cotyledons should be exposed to the ground, and the root water should be irrigated after planting.

IV. Field management

1. Middle ploughing

The first intertillage was carried out 4-5 days after root watering, with a depth of 7-10 cm, and the second intertillage was carried out two weeks later, with a depth of 3-5 cm. No longer ploughing after setting up a fight.

two。 Topdressing

At least 2-3 times of topdressing should be carried out in the cultivation of balsam pear. The first topdressing was carried out 2-3 days after planting in the sunny evening, and the rarefied human feces and urine were applied, and the second was applied before flowering to promote melon fruiting. The third time was applied after two harvests, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used together. In addition to topdressing on the ground, it can also be foliar topdressing to promote the vigorous growth of plants.

3. Set up a frame to draw a vine

When the seedlings grow 30cm to 40cm high, insert bamboo and draw vines in time, using double-row herringbone frame, balsam pear is mainly composed of main vines, when the first female flower appears in the main vine, start pruning, erase the lateral buds or branches below 1 meter of the main vine, remove the old yellow leaves below the plant in the later growth stage, and cut off the old vines and thin and weak vines.

V. timely harvest

Generally, 15 days after harvest, the top of the fruit begins to shine and the shoulder verrucous process is thick and full. properly shortening the harvest interval can promote the formation of female flowers, which is of great significance to prolong the fruit and increase the yield.

The fruit tumor of the white variety expands rapidly and protrudes obviously, and can be harvested when it is shiny. In the initial stage, it should be harvested once every 5-6 days, and the full fruiting period should be 2-3 days. Harvesting melons should be harvested at noon or in the afternoon before the sun rises, and they are easy to turn yellow and are not resistant to storage and transportation.

The above is a brief introduction to the cultivation techniques of balsam pear, balsam pear has strong adaptability, fast growth, easy to hang fruit, planting is relatively simple, farmers with conditions can consider planting.