A detailed explanation of the key points of planting techniques for the variety of the genus Sugarbeet

Red vegetable head is a variety of Chenopodiaceae sugar beet species, with fat fleshy roots for vegetable consumption, can be eaten raw, cooked food, can also be processed into canned meat, crisp and tender, slightly sweet, high nutritional value. Red cauliflower is native to the Mediterranean coast and is cultivated in China with a small amount of warmth and light, which is suitable for the growth of sandy loam soil and avoid acidic soil. In recent years, the number of vegetable farmers growing red cabbage head has increased. Let's take a look at the key points of the related planting techniques of red vegetable head.

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose the loam with flat terrain, deep soil layer, good structure and convenient drainage and irrigation. Implement more than 42 years of rotation, the previous crop with wheat, soybean, rape, corn is appropriate, do not stubble, welcome stubble. Before sowing, the previous crop straw and sundries should be removed, and measures such as deep ploughing, ploughing and suppression should be adopted to facilitate seed germination and emergence.

two。 Seed treatment

Select seeds with a diameter of more than 2.5 mm, a thousand bulbs weighing more than 20 grams, a purity rate of more than 98%, and a germination rate of no less than 75%. Before sowing, seeds with 0.8% seed amount of thiram, seed dressing, dimethazone, etc., can also be soaked in warm water.

3. Sowing seeds

(1) timely early sowing

The starting temperature of germination of red cabbage seed is 3: 4 ℃. Generally, the seeds are sown in the early and middle of April, when the daily average temperature at the depth of 5 cm is more than 5 ℃, and the sowing date in the northern producing areas should not be later than the first ten days of May. The fixed seedling density in the northeast ridge cultivation area is generally 24000 trees per 667 meters, while in the north, northwest and summer sowing areas, most of them are planted with narrow row spacing, and the seedling density is generally 5000000 trees per 667 square meters.

(2) Post-broadcast suppression

The purpose of suppression is to connect the capillaries of the soil, which is beneficial to draw up the soil moisture and ensure that there is enough water when the red cabbage head germinates. In the dry and early land with strong spring breeze and fast evaporation and saline-alkali land, the sprouting of red vegetable head is most likely to occur after sowing. If timely suppression measures are not taken, seed germination will be affected by lack of water.

4. Field management

(1) check seedlings and replenish seedlings

Check the seedlings immediately after emergence, if the missing rate is more than 15%, take artificial soil transplanting method to replant.

(2) weeding by ploughing

During the growth period of red cabbage head, at least three times of intertillage weeding should be carried out. According to the occurrence and growth law of weeds, combined with the climatic conditions of the current year, weeding should be carried out timely. The red cabbage can be ploughed twice after emergence, the depth of the first tillage is 810cm, and the depth of the second seedling is 1416cm. The third intertillage

Weeding is done by ploughing the ground with ploughing zinc before closing ridges to achieve the function of cultivating soil and opening smooth ditches.

(3) fertilization and watering

2 kg of nitrogen, 0.3 kg of phosphate and 0.3 kg of potassium were applied at the seedling stage. During the rapid growth period of leaves, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased sharply, with the application of 6 kg of nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphate and 2 kg of potash per 667 m 2, and 4 kg of nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphate and 5 kg of potash during the sugar growth period of root tubers. During the period of sugar accumulation, the level of nitrogen should be controlled so as not to cause excessive growth of leaves, consume a large amount of photosynthate and reduce the quality of root tuber. according to the growth of crops, appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be increased by 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per 667 m 2. During the whole growth period, it was watered 4 times and 6 times, and the watering principle was two-end control and middle promotion. The first water should control squatting seedlings at seedling stage. Under the condition that the seedlings were not dry, the irrigation time should be postponed as far as possible. when the sugar beet leaves wilted in sunny days and returned to normal at night, small water slow irrigation did not leave a dead corner. The last water should be watered once 15 days before harvest. Watering should be uniform, no leakage and no stagnant water.

5. Harvest

The excavation, picking and stacking of red vegetables should be carried out continuously, and the "four follow" and "four clean" should be achieved, that is, following, picking, cutting, burying, cleaning, sorting, cutting and sending, so as to prevent the tuber roots from being exposed to the wind and sun for a long time. Water loss or freezing damage to reduce quality. The best harvest time is from the second sentence of September to the first and middle of October, when most of the old leaves turn yellow and wither: the leaves evacuate, the leaves stand or crawl, the root grows slowly and tends to stop, the texture becomes brittle, and the root weight and sugar content reach the highest level should be harvested in time.